Reliable, localized measurements of microstructural parameters are of great relevance for developing new alloys, and for quality control in manufacturing processes. AFM provides unique capabilities relative to other microscopies, including; superior resolution, 3D measurements, little or no sample/substrate preparation, and operation in ambient air or liquid. AFM also enables the study of the origin and the mechanism of plastic deformations, including fracture, on the micrometer and nanometer scales. 布魯克Innova 掃描探針顯微鏡