納米材料翻譯（3）

ipd6771031ae 2006-10-18 03:54:51 355 瀏覽

The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductor... The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductors， pigments， luminescence devices， solar cells， IR detectors and optical fiber， communications， modern thermoelectric coolers [3]. Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a direct band gap material with Eg of 1.3? eV [4] and useful for photodiode arrays of photovoltaics [5]. Usually， busmuth sulfide can be prepared by direct reaction of bismuth and sulfur vapor in a quartz vessel at high temperature [6]. The chemical deposition method was applied to prepare bismuth sulfide through reaction of bismuth salt complexed by triethanolamine or EDTA with an aqueous solution containing a sulfur sourse such as thioacetamide， thiourea， sodium thiosulphate， geseous H2S. However， the powders obtained through this route are mostly amorphous or poorly crystallized [7–10]. The thermal decomposition preparation of bismuth sulfide was also reported by thermal decomposition of bismuth dithiocarbamate complexes [11]， metal ethylxanthate [12]， Bi-thiourea complex [13]. However， all these methods required high temperature or else the final poducts contain some impurites. Some researches use nonagueous solutions for depostion of bismuth sulfide thin films， but they have got amorphous products [14， 15]. Yu and Qian reported thermal synthesis of Bi2S3 through a reaction of BiCl3 and thiourea in ethanol at 140? °C [16]. 展開

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一抹淺藍(lán) 2006-10-30 00:00:00

硫化鉍的 ultrafine 粉末的預(yù)備二元的金屬制的硫化物的合成因為他們的重要物質(zhì)的和化學(xué)性質(zhì) [1 已經(jīng)是注意的焦點，2] ，半導(dǎo)體，顏料，發(fā)光方法，日光電池， IR 探測器和光纖的好商業(yè)應(yīng)用，通信，現(xiàn)代的熱電冷卻器 [3]. 硫化鉍 (Bi2S3) 是有 1.3個電子伏的 Eg 的一個直接的帶隙材料 [4] 和可用的為光電伏打的光電二極管行列 [5]. 通常， busmuth 硫化物在高溫可能被一個石英船的鉍和硫蒸汽的直接反作用準(zhǔn)備 [6]. 化學(xué)淀積方法被提出申請準(zhǔn)備硫化鉍經(jīng)過被和一個水溶液的三乙醇胺或乙二胺四醋酸合成物的鉍鹽反作用含有硫 sourse，像是硫代乙醯胺，硫，鈉 thiosulphate ， geseous H2S 。然而，粉末獲得過這一個路線大部份無定形或貧窮地結(jié)晶的 [7 – 10].熱硫化鉍的分解預(yù)備也被鉍二硫弋胺基甲酸鹽復(fù)合物的熱分解據(jù)報導(dǎo)了 [11]，以金屬復(fù)蓋 ethylxanthate[12]，二硫復(fù) [13]. 然而，所有的這些方法需要了高溫，否則別的確定 poducts 含有一些 impurites 。一些研究硫化鉍薄膜使用 nonagueous 溶液作為 depostion ，但是他們已經(jīng)有無定形生產(chǎn)品 [14 ， 15] 。 Yu 和 Qian 經(jīng)過乙醇的 BiCl3 和硫的一個反作用據(jù)報導(dǎo)了 Bi2S3 的熱合成以 140個 ° C語言 [16].

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玩物喪志67 2006-10-19 00:00:00

鉍硫化物超細(xì)粉的制備二進(jìn)制的金屬硫化物成為注意的焦點是因為他們的重要的物理和化學(xué)特性 [1 ， 2 ]，在半導(dǎo)體，顏料，發(fā)冷光設(shè)備，太陽能電池，IR 檢測器和光導(dǎo)纖維，通訊，現(xiàn)代熱電冷卻器內(nèi)有很好的商業(yè)應(yīng)用 [3]. 鉍硫化物(Bi2S3)是一種直接存在1.3 eV 帶子差距的材料[4]并且有益于光電二極管列陣[5]. 通常，busmuth 硫化物可直接通過高溫下鉍和硫蒸汽在一石英內(nèi)的反應(yīng)制取[6]. 通過化學(xué)方法鉍硫化物triethanolamine或者EDTA對鉍鹽complexed的反應(yīng)有一含一硫sourse的水溶液產(chǎn)生(例如thioacetamide，thiourea，鈉thiosulphate，geseous H2S)。不過，通過這條路線獲得的粉主要無固定形狀或者不好結(jié)晶 [7-10]. 鉍硫化物的熱分解準(zhǔn)備也因為鉍dithiocarbamate 的熱分解被使用[11]，金屬ethylxanthate [12]，雙thiourea復(fù)雜 [13]. 不過，所有這些方法需要高溫要不然Z后的產(chǎn)物包含一些impurites。一些研究為鉍硫化物薄膜的depostion使用nonagueous 溶液，但是他們也沒有固定形狀 [14 ， 15 ]. 余和錢報道在當(dāng)140°C的酒精里通過一個BiCl3 和thiourea的通過在40°C的酒精和Bi2S3時產(chǎn)生熱綜合 [16].

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啊恒溫 2006-10-19 00:00:00

因為全文我看過知道那些數(shù)字指的是參考資料就沒加進(jìn)去超微（非常小的顆粒）硫化鉍準(zhǔn)備二元金屬鉍的合成，由于它的重要的物理和化學(xué)特性而成為人們關(guān)注的焦點。在半導(dǎo)體，顏料，冷光設(shè)備，太陽能電池，信息檢索器和光纖，通訊，熱電冷卻器等方面都有著出色的商業(yè)應(yīng)用。硫化鉍(Bi2S3)是一種直接能隙材料，eg值為1.3ev.對光電池中的光電二極管排列很有用。通常情況下硫化鉍可以直接由鉍和硫蒸氣在水晶容器中高溫下反應(yīng)合成?；瘜W(xué)沉淀法可以用來準(zhǔn)備硫化鉍通過三乙醇胺和鉍鹽的反應(yīng)或者由乙二胺四乙酸和含硫代物水溶液（如硫代乙酰胺，硫脲，硫代硫酸鈉，硫化氫氣體）反應(yīng)。然而通過這中方法得到的粉末通常是非結(jié)晶質(zhì)的或者結(jié)晶不良好的。硫化鉍的熱分解準(zhǔn)備同樣在硫代氨基甲酸鉍復(fù)合物、乙基磺原酸鎳、雙硫脲復(fù)合物的熱分解中有提到過。然而，上述的這些方法需要在高溫中進(jìn)行，否則Z終的產(chǎn)物將會含有一些雜質(zhì)。有些研究用非水溶液沉淀硫化鉍薄膜，但他們得到的是非結(jié)晶質(zhì)的產(chǎn)物。Yu和Qian的報告中說硫化鉍的合成是通過BiCl3和硫脲酒精溶液在140°C下反應(yīng)。

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go小耳朵涂涂 2006-10-19 00:00:00

超細(xì)粉體的合成二元硫鉍金屬硫化物一直關(guān)注的焦點，由于其重要的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)[12〕、良好的商務(wù)應(yīng)用半導(dǎo)體、顏料、發(fā)光器件、太陽能電池、紅外探測器、光纖、通訊、現(xiàn)代熱電冷卻器[3].鉍硫化物(備Bi2S3)是直接帶隙的材料如130電動[4]和有益的光電二極管列陣[5].通常busmuth硫化物可以直接反應(yīng)制備了鉍、硫磺蒸氣船石英高溫[6].化學(xué)沉積方法用于準(zhǔn)備硫化鉍鉍鹽絡(luò)合的反應(yīng)，通過乙醇胺水溶液或edta一個含有硫源為硫代乙酰胺等，硫、硫代硫酸鈉、硫化氫geseous.但是，這條線路大多透過粉末定形或結(jié)晶差〔7月10日].熱分解制備鉍硫化物還報告了熱分解物[11]荒鉍、金屬ethylxanthate[12]，雙硫復(fù)雜[13].然而，所有這些方法需要高溫或含有某些impuritesZ后翻版.一些研究使用nonagueous解沉積鉍硫化物薄膜，但他們的產(chǎn)品有定形[14，15].渝黔報備Bi2S3通過熱合成反應(yīng)及硫乙醇bicl3140℃[16].

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納米材料翻譯（3）: The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductor... The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductors， pigments， luminescence devices， solar cells， IR detectors and optical fiber， communications， modern thermoelectric coolers [3]. Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a direct band gap material with Eg of 1.3? eV [4] and useful for photodiode arrays of photovoltaics [5]. Usually， busmuth sulfide can be prepared by direct reaction of bismuth and sulfur vapor in a quartz vessel at high temperature [6]. The chemical deposition method was applied to prepare bismuth sulfide through reaction of bismuth salt complexed by triethanolamine or EDTA with an aqueous solution containing a sulfur sourse such as thioacetamide， thiourea， sodium thiosulphate， geseous H2S. However， the powders obtained through this route are mostly amorphous or poorly crystallized [7–10]. The thermal decomposition preparation of bismuth sulfide was also reported by thermal decomposition of bismuth dithiocarbamate complexes [11]， metal ethylxanthate [12]， Bi-thiourea complex [13]. However， all these methods required high temperature or else the final poducts contain some impurites. Some researches use nonagueous solutions for depostion of bismuth sulfide thin films， but they have got amorphous products [14， 15]. Yu and Qian reported thermal synthesis of Bi2S3 through a reaction of BiCl3 and thiourea in ethanol at 140? °C [16]. 展開

納米材料翻譯（8）: Symposium Spotlights the State of the Science Nanotechnology research may still be in its infancy， but indications are good that the field will be growing up fast in the coming years. This promising trend was evident at the second Interna... Symposium Spotlights the State of the Science Nanotechnology research may still be in its infancy， but indications are good that the field will be growing up fast in the coming years. This promising trend was evident at the second International Symposium on Nanotechnology and Occupational Health， which was held in Minneapolis in early October 2005. Sponsored by NIOSH， the Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Minnesota and the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology at Rice University， the symposium showcased not only the progress that has been made in the study of nanotechnology’s workplace issues， but also the depth and breadth of questions that remain. Patrick O’Shaughnessy of the University of Iowa， Iowa City， considered the meeting “very productive. It brought together most of the players from health and safety. It was good to see the variety of academic， government and business people interested in ensuring that the health and safety topics and concerns are addressed as soon as possible. No one wants another asbestos problem to emerge.”He notes that several talks and poster sessions on toxicology showed data implying that nanoparticles tested may not be as reactive as first suspected. In addition， there was a general consensus that typical mass-based measurements will not be adequate when evaluating a workplace because of nanoparticles’ small size and low mass. “Interestingly， devices that measure particle surface area may be very useful because the particles have an extremely large surface-to-volume ratio， and therefore， a greater potential to react with lung tissue，” O’Shaughnessy says. Other topics of interest， adds Mark Hoover of NIOSH， Morgantown， W. Va.， included how to organize health and safety programs and resources to manage nanoparticles effectively and safely， personal protective equipment and filtration， as well as whether existing information about micrometer particles can be extrapolated to the nanometer range. “The evidence is still developing，” Hoover says， “but many people will do investigations with multiple metrics so we can be sure.”Hoover was also impressed with the symposium’s international flavor. “You had a lot of networking going on between U.S. scientists and their colleagues from the Pacific Rim， the European Union， Australia and New Zealand，” he says. “Everybody is eager to get up to speed with their colleagues’ research.” 展開

納米材料翻譯（6）: Such interest is well founded.Touted as the impetus for a 21st century industrial revolution， manufactured nanoscale materials (less than 100 nanometers) are being studied intensely by a variety of industries. Worldwide， governments are alr... Such interest is well founded.Touted as the impetus for a 21st century industrial revolution， manufactured nanoscale materials (less than 100 nanometers) are being studied intensely by a variety of industries. Worldwide， governments are already investing billions of dollars in nanotechnology; that figure almost certainly will surpass $1 trillion in the next 10 years. Perhaps the only thing that approaches nanotechnology's technological potential is the uncertainty surrounding its occupational health risks. Relatively little is known about the exposure patterns and toxicity levels of ultrafine materials. But with hundreds of thousands of workers expected to join an industry that likely will redefine nearly every aspect of manufacturing and processing in the coming years， it’s essential that IHs learn as much as they can about potential workplace safety issues related to nanotechnology. “This is an opportunity for IHs to be at the forefront of solving problems before they arise，” says Mark Hoover， a senior research scientist at NIOSH in Morgantown， W.Va.“It is certainly a better approach than having to react to a problem or perform a cleanup on short notice.” 展開

納米材料翻譯（4）: In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3Y... In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3?5H2O and octanic acid were used as the starting materials. The acid was reagent and solvent at the same time and was added in twice excess. After boiling the mixture of starting materials during 1? hour， the product was salted out by ethylacetate. The precipitate was filtered and dried in exxicator at room temperature.The second step was the synthesis of bismuth sulfide by boiling of bismuth octanoate and sulfur in decane during 2.5? hours. The dark grey precipitate was filtered and washed with hexane several times to remove the impurites. The product was dried in exxicator at room temperature. 展開

翻譯納米材料摘要（2）: Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polym... Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polymer-inorganic transparent nanocomposites with other functionalities. In the second part of the thesis， we studied a method for the fabrication of micro-porous surface layer – made of copper nanoparticles – on the surface of copper plates (suitable for heat exchangers). The micro-porous surfaces were formed from dendritic network of copper nanoparticles obtained by electrodeposition from solution using dynamic bubble formation and removal as template. The surface layer engineered and its structures were optimized in order to enhance the boiling heat transfer coefficient. To further optimize the dendritic structure， additional annealing step was introduce and its effect on the surface layer structure and properties were investigated. The properties of the deposited surface structures were investigated and its effect on the enhancement of the heart transfer coefficient has been studied. The fabricated enhanced surface has shown an excellent performance in nucleate boiling. Pool boiling tests were performed on refrigerant fluids (R134a) to evaluate the boiling performance of the electrodeposited nanostructured micro-porous structures. At heat flux of 1 W/cm2， the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced over 15 times compared to a plain reference surface. A model has been presented to explain the enhancement based on the structure characteristics. 展開

納米材料英文文獻(xiàn)加翻譯:

納米材料的摘要翻譯（7）: Drivers and Directions In the United States， the EPA and NIOSH are spearheading research into nanoparticles and their associated health risks through a variety of funded research projects and information exchange programs. NIOSH’s Web si... Drivers and Directions In the United States， the EPA and NIOSH are spearheading research into nanoparticles and their associated health risks through a variety of funded research projects and information exchange programs. NIOSH’s Web site also cites its participation in the multiagency National Nanotechnology Initiative and the Nanoscale Science， Engineering and Technology Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council’s Committee on Technology. But on the whole， the study of nanotechnology in the workplace is still in its infancy. Or as Keith Rickabaugh， technical director of materials and analytical services for RJ Lee Group， Monroeville， Pa.， puts it， “what has been learned is that there is much more to learn.” Rickabaugh goes on to say that， “We need to learn how to economically/reasonably establish safe work practices and engineering controls to protect workers from an ‘unknown’ exposure risk. That includes performing studies to document the health risks of nanosized particles， and training workers to understand and be able to characterize those materials.” 展開

翻譯一段納米材料的摘要(1): Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostruc... Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostructured surfaces. The study includes two parts; in the first part， bulk transparent polymer-inorganic nanocomposites were produced by a novel synthesis method and its UV-absorption has been investigated. In the second part， nanostructured microporous surface layers， of copper， were fabricated by electrodeposition process and its effect on material’s performance for pool boiling has been investigated evaluated.In the first part of the thesis， bulk polymer-inorganic nanocomposites composed of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc compounds were prepared by an in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of zinc complex in PMMA matrix. The immiscibility of heterophases of solid organic and inorganic constituents was resolved by the in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of ZnO nanofillers within PMMA in the presence of dual functional agent， monoethanolamine， which provided strong secondary interfacial interactions for both complexing and crosslinking of constituents. Comprehensive characterization of the polymer-inorganic hybrid materials has been undertaken using a wide range of techniques; XRD， 1H NMR， FT-IR， TGA， DSC， UV-Vis， ED， SEM， TEM and HRTEM. The homogeneous PMMA-ZnO nanocomposites exhibited enhanced UV-sheltering effects in the entire UV range even at very low ZnO content of 0.02 wt%. 展開

請高手幫忙翻譯一下 3: 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展開

誰發(fā)個納米材料英文文章和翻譯啊:

你有新編大學(xué)英語3 after-class reading翻譯:

翻譯翻譯，請高手幫我翻譯一下這個說明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展開

納米材料: 什么是“納米材料” 具體包括什么？

生物化學(xué)翻譯: To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When... To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When HK-2 cells were treated with cisplatin in the presence of ucf-101， the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased and the inhibitor significantly blocked HAX-1 degradation. This effect was more pronounced when a higher concentration of the inhibitor was used. To confirm the specificity of the inhibitor in this system and exclude the possibility that another protease rather than Omi is involved in HAX-1 cleavage， we used cell lines derived from mnd2 mice (9). The parent cell line (mnd2-MSCV) derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts has no detectable Omi proteolytic activity (9). The same cell line has been transfected with wild type human Omi cDNA (mnd2-MSCV-Omi) and expresses high levels of active Omi protein (14). We found that in mnd2-MSCV cells， when induced to undergo apoptosis with various stimuli， the number of apoptotic cells was very low. Furthermore， no detectable cleavage of HAX-1 was observed. This is in contrast with the mnd2-MSCV-Omi cells where apoptosis was robust， and HAX-1 levels were inversely proportional to the degree of apoptosis. This experiment clearly shows that Omi is solely responsible for HAX-1 cleavage， which is essential for apoptosis under the conditions used in these experiments. HAX-1 subcellular localization depends on cell type (21， 30) and has been reported to be present in the mitochondria， cytoplasm， or plasma membrane (10， 21， 22， 30). We performed subcellular fractionation to investigate where HAX-1 cleavage by Omi takes place. We found that， in HEK293 cells， HAX-1 was predominantly present in the mitochondria， and this localization did not change in response to apoptotic stimuli. This suggests that Omi can initiate apoptosis in the mitochondria by cleaving HAX-1 protein. This is in accord with a recent study that shows Omi can induce apoptosis in human neutrophils treated with TNF- without being released from the mitochondria (7). Although several studies clearly define HAX-1 as an anti-apoptotic protein， the mechanism of its function is unknown. HAX-1 has sequence similarity to Bcl-2 family of proteins (10， 22). 展開

求翻譯。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展開

機(jī)械翻譯!!: 13.本系列儀器采用電流、電壓雙組取樣并經(jīng)單片處理后顯示，其讀數(shù)直觀、準(zhǔn)確。由于儀器采用了負(fù)載四線制取樣，從面消除了負(fù)載導(dǎo)線電阻對電顯示的影響。電路的電壓限幅，使得實驗更加安全，可靠。 16.采用古埃法（gu-ai method）研究分子結(jié)構(gòu)，測量順磁和逆... 13.本系列儀器采用電流、電壓雙組取樣并經(jīng)單片處理后顯示，其讀數(shù)直觀、準(zhǔn)確。由于儀器采用了負(fù)載四線制取樣，從面消除了負(fù)載導(dǎo)線電阻對電顯示的影響。電路的電壓限幅，使得實驗更加安全，可靠。 16.采用古埃法（gu-ai method）研究分子結(jié)構(gòu)，測量順磁和逆磁磁化率。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：電磁鐵和恒流電源、數(shù)字式高斯計（霍爾效應(yīng)）、安培計和伏特計、配有照明系統(tǒng)的控制盤。系統(tǒng)采用了PID電子調(diào)節(jié)，全數(shù)字電源（0~10A無級調(diào)節(jié)），無需水冷卻，使得儀器動礦層運行更加穩(wěn)定可靠，防止因操作不當(dāng)而造成儀器損壞。 34. 本儀器由光學(xué)系統(tǒng)和信號處理系統(tǒng)兩部分組成，它根據(jù)光拍頻原理設(shè)計，通過光電轉(zhuǎn)換檢測，在普通示波器上同時觀察和比較兩束光的波形和相位，測量光程差和位相差，求得光速。采用新的分頻、觸發(fā)措施，能在示波器上觀察到精確、清晰的波形。 35.本裝置用霍爾效應(yīng)的原理測量螺線管軸向磁場強(qiáng)度分布。能判斷半導(dǎo)體載流子的符號，移開螺線管，可做共軛線圈實驗。此裝置由測定儀和專用電源兩部分組成，實驗儀上裝有螺線管、霍爾元件、二維移動標(biāo)尺及IM，IH，VH轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)。專用電源提供霍爾元件工作電流IH，螺線管勵磁電流IM以及對霍爾電壓VH的測量。電流和電壓的測量均采用3 1/2位數(shù)顯表，測量精度高。翻出來后我再給分!一定會追加分!Z少50分!! 展開

幫忙翻譯: AttachingtheSampleChuckYouwillneeda#2Phillipsscrewdriverforthisstep.FollowingthedetailsshowninFig.2-4，installthesamplechuckbyfirstaligningthepinsonthebottomofthesamplechu... Attaching the Sample Chuck You will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver for this step. Following the details shown in Fig. 2-4， install the sample chuck by first aligning the pins on the bottom of the sample chuck with the receptacles on the alpha- SE base. Then tighten the upper two captive thumb screws. Next， use the Phillips screwdriver to tighten the lower two captive screws. Don’t over tighten the screws! It will make it difficult to remove them in the future; just ensure that the screws are snug. Finally， connect the vacuum line from the sample chuck to the vacuum fitting on the alpha-SE base. Releasing the Z-stage Shipping Lock To access the Z-stage shipping lock， first loosen the captive screw on the lamp/shipping lock access door， then open the access door by rotating 180°， as shown in Fig. 2-5. To release the Z-stage shipping lock， stand in front of the ellipsometer and use your left hand to balance the weight of the Z-stage (you will feel it lift up slightly). It will be difficult to release the shipping lock if you apply too much or not enough upward force. Next， use your right hand to move the shipping lock to the operating position (to the right， see Fig. 2-6). If the lock is hard to move， you can use a tool to gain more leverage. The shipping lock will move about 1/3” [8mm] to the right. Checking the Lamp Check that the QTH lamp in fully seated in the lamp housing. The lamp is located behind the actuator screw (see Fig. 2-6) and has two white wires protruding from the back of the lamp. Simply push down on the lamp ensuring that the lamp is fully seated in the lamp housing. Rotate the lamp/shipping lock access door to the closed position and hand tighten the captive screw. 拒絕翻譯軟件，翻譯軟件我自己也會用不是用翻譯軟件我就看不懂，只是，上來找人翻譯就是希望翻譯出比較容易看懂，不需要自己對照就可以看的說明書，如果用翻譯軟件，根本就詞不達(dá)意，還是要自己對著原文件核實既然用了那么多積分，就希望有相當(dāng)?shù)某晒?，如果用翻譯軟件混積分，那就是人品問題了還有，某些人不要不懂亂說混積分展開

求助翻譯: 問題一：請問“在GF254硅膠板上，取樣點板，在254nm紫外光下觀察結(jié)果”這句話該如何翻譯？ZD是不知道“取樣點板”怎么翻譯問題二：麻煩高手幫忙翻譯一下2Results2.1柱色譜分離結(jié)果The... 問題一：請問 “在GF254硅膠板上，取樣點板，在254 nm紫外光下觀察結(jié)果” 這句話該如何翻譯？ ZD是不知道“取樣點板”怎么翻譯問題二：麻煩高手幫忙翻譯一下 2 Results 2. 1 柱色譜分離結(jié)果 The results of separation by column chromatography 柱色譜分離過程中，氯仿∶甲醇95∶5和90∶10洗脫出來的流分經(jīng)過反復(fù)的硅膠柱色譜分離純化得到組分C3。 2. 2 薄層色譜檢測結(jié)果 The results of Thin-layer chromatography. 組分C3在GF254硅膠板上展開后，可在254nm紫外燈下直觀觀測為單點，見圖1。 2. 3 GX液相色譜分析和制備單體化合物對組分C3 進(jìn)行GX液相制備，色譜圖顯示有4個色譜峰(見圖2) ，分離效果較好，收集4個單峰組分，得到4個化合物1～4，對以上4個化合物進(jìn)行GX液相分析，均為單峰，見圖3～4。 3 化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定通過制備液相收集得到4個化合物，對其中3個化合物進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定: 化合物1，淡黃色晶體， UV λmax nm (logε) : 248 nm。E IMS，m / z 501. 3 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量為500?；衔?氫譜顯示7個甲基信號;δ1. 02， 0. 93， 0. 78 ( each 3H， s) ， 0. 89 ( 3H， d， J =6. 4Hz) ， 1. 23， 1. 25 ( each 3H， d， J = 5. 2Hz) ， 1. 22(3H， s) ，一個連氧碳上的氫信號δ3. 23 (1H， dd， J= 10 Hz) ，符合三萜化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以證明化合物1為三萜類化合物。化合物2， UV λmax nm ( logε) : 250 nm。E IMS，m / z 515. 3 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量為514?；衔?的氫譜顯示7個甲基信號δ0. 77， 0. 94， 1.01， 1. 22， 1. 23 (3H， s) ， 0. 82 (3H， d， 10. 2 Hz) ，一個連氧碳上的氫信號δ3. 22 ( 1H， dd， J = 10. 5Hz) ，一個甲氧基上的氫信號δ3. 66 (3H， s) ，符合三萜化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以證明化合物2為三萜化合物。化合物3， UV λmax nm ( logε) : 254 nm。EIMS，m / z 531. 2 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量為514?；衔? 的氫譜(見附錄)顯示7 個甲基信號δ0.78， 0. 82， 0. 87， 1. 03， 1. 24， 1. 31 ( 3H， s) ， 1. 17(3H， d， 6. 6 Hz) ，一個乙酰基上的氫信號2. 10(3H， s) ，一個甲氧基團(tuán)的氫信號3. 68 (3H， s) ，符合三萜化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以證明化合物3為三萜化合物。化合物4結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，不能確定是三萜化合物。二樓的辛苦了，非常感謝你的回答。不過好像沒有明白我的意思，而且有g(shù)oogle之嫌。展開

高分求高手翻譯，不要機(jī)械翻譯: Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review fo... Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review focuses on the recent research advances in bimetallic DENs with respect to their synthesis，characterization，and applications as catalysts.Bimetallic DENs can be made mainly via three routes:co-complexation，sequential loading，and partial displacement.The research in bimetallic DENs has been significantly promoted by the advancement of characterization instruments.The performances of bimetallic DENs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis have been compared with both monometallic DENs and their physical mixtures.It is concluded that the synergistic electronic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles enhances their catalytic activities. 能翻譯多少都可以的展開

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