翻譯納米材料摘要（2）

略盡冬春 2006-10-18 01:46:56 415 瀏覽

Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polym... Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polymer-inorganic transparent nanocomposites with other functionalities. In the second part of the thesis， we studied a method for the fabrication of micro-porous surface layer – made of copper nanoparticles – on the surface of copper plates (suitable for heat exchangers). The micro-porous surfaces were formed from dendritic network of copper nanoparticles obtained by electrodeposition from solution using dynamic bubble formation and removal as template. The surface layer engineered and its structures were optimized in order to enhance the boiling heat transfer coefficient. To further optimize the dendritic structure， additional annealing step was introduce and its effect on the surface layer structure and properties were investigated. The properties of the deposited surface structures were investigated and its effect on the enhancement of the heart transfer coefficient has been studied. The fabricated enhanced surface has shown an excellent performance in nucleate boiling. Pool boiling tests were performed on refrigerant fluids (R134a) to evaluate the boiling performance of the electrodeposited nanostructured micro-porous structures. At heat flux of 1 W/cm2， the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced over 15 times compared to a plain reference surface. A model has been presented to explain the enhancement based on the structure characteristics. 展開

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貝爾520123 2006-10-19 00:00:00

此外，ZnO粒徑納入有效質量模型計算結果接近高分辨.研制過程中的合成方法可用于這項工作制作不同聚合物-無機納米復合透明與其它功能.在第二部分的論文，我們研究方法制備微孔表層自制納米銅-銅板的表面(適合熱交換器).微多孔表面形成網(wǎng)絡，從樹突狀納米銅溶液相沉積地層，并利用動態(tài)泡沫模板拆除.表層結構優(yōu)化設計及其為了增強沸騰傳熱系數(shù).樹突結構進一步優(yōu)化，附加退火一步引進及其對表層結構和性能的影響.表面沉積的特性及其對建筑物的影響增強心臟傳遞系數(shù)進行了研究.表面有明顯的增強編造出色表現(xiàn)沸騰.沸騰冷卻液進行測試評估(R134a的)沸騰的電性能納米微多孔結構.熱流在1d后，傳熱系數(shù)提高15倍以上相比，明顯地表參考.典范已提交解釋基于提升結構的特點. (回答了你幾題，起碼給我一個200分行嗎？^_^）

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椰林海浪沙灘uo 2006-10-30 00:00:00

而且，從有效質量模型被計算的組成法人組織的 ZnO 的粒徑是靠近從 HRTEM 被獲得的結果。合成方法這在層中發(fā)展工戶為和其他的官能性質的不同聚合物- 無機的制造透明的 nanocomposites 可能被用。在論題的第二個部份中，我們?yōu)樵阢~鈑的表面上的微- 多孔的表面較外行的以銅毫微粒制成的––制造學習了一個方法 ( 合適的為熱交換器. 微- 多孔的表面被造形從被來自溶液的電極淀積獲得的銅毫微粒的模樹石的網(wǎng)絡使用動態(tài)的形成氣泡和如模板的拆遷。表面層設計，而且它的結構被將妥善Z佳化提高沸點熱中轉系數(shù)。更進一步地將樹枝狀組織Z佳化，加添的核酸混合踏步是引進而且在表面層結構和特性上的它效應被偵查。被存放的表層結構的性質被偵查，而且在ZX中轉系數(shù)的增強上的它效應已經(jīng)被學習。那制造可提高的表面已經(jīng)顯示泡核沸騰的一個優(yōu)良的性能。沸流證人的池在冷凍的流體 (R134a) 上被履行評估沸騰性能那使電解沉積奈米結構了微- 多孔的結構。自動變速箱 1 W/cm2 的熱通量，熱轉移系數(shù)被提高超過次 15 與一個平的參比面相較。模型已經(jīng)被呈現(xiàn)說明增強以結構特性為基礎的安培。

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開開心1122 2006-10-27 00:00:00

此外，氧化鋅粒徑納入有效質量模型計算結果接近高分辨.研制過程中的合成方法可用于這項工作制作不同聚合物-無機納米復合透明與其它功能.在第二部分的論文，我們研究方法制備微孔表層自制納米銅-銅板的表面(適合熱交換器).微多孔表面形成網(wǎng)絡，從樹突狀納米銅溶液相沉積地層，并利用動態(tài)泡沫模板拆除.表層結構優(yōu)化設計及其為了增強沸騰傳熱系數(shù).樹突結構進一步優(yōu)化，附加退火一步引進及其對表層結構和性能的影響.表面沉積的特性及其對建筑物的影響增強心臟傳遞系數(shù)進行了研究.表面有明顯的增強編造出色表現(xiàn)沸騰.沸騰冷卻液進行測試評估(R134a的)沸騰的電性能納米微多孔結構.熱流在1d后，傳熱系數(shù)提高15倍以上相比，明顯地表參考.典范已提交解釋基于提升結構的特點. 謝謝謝謝謝謝OK了可以了哦

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吊帶丶小褲衩 2006-10-19 00:00:00

此外，氧化鋅粒徑納入有效質量模型計算結果接近高分辨.研制過程中的合成方法可用于這項工作制作不同聚合物-無機納米復合透明與其它功能.在第二部分的論文，我們研究方法制備微孔表層自制納米銅-銅板的表面(適合熱交換器).微多孔表面形成網(wǎng)絡，從樹突狀納米銅溶液相沉積地層，并利用動態(tài)泡沫模板拆除.表層結構優(yōu)化設計及其為了增強沸騰傳熱系數(shù).樹突結構進一步優(yōu)化，附加退火一步引進及其對表層結構和性能的影響.表面沉積的特性及其對建筑物的影響增強心臟傳遞系數(shù)進行了研究.表面有明顯的增強編造出色表現(xiàn)沸騰.沸騰冷卻液進行測試評估(R134a的)沸騰的電性能納米微多孔結構.熱流在1d后，傳熱系數(shù)提高15倍以上相比，明顯地表參考.典范已提交解釋基于提升結構的特點.

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翻譯納米材料摘要（2）: Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polym... Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polymer-inorganic transparent nanocomposites with other functionalities. In the second part of the thesis， we studied a method for the fabrication of micro-porous surface layer – made of copper nanoparticles – on the surface of copper plates (suitable for heat exchangers). The micro-porous surfaces were formed from dendritic network of copper nanoparticles obtained by electrodeposition from solution using dynamic bubble formation and removal as template. The surface layer engineered and its structures were optimized in order to enhance the boiling heat transfer coefficient. To further optimize the dendritic structure， additional annealing step was introduce and its effect on the surface layer structure and properties were investigated. The properties of the deposited surface structures were investigated and its effect on the enhancement of the heart transfer coefficient has been studied. The fabricated enhanced surface has shown an excellent performance in nucleate boiling. Pool boiling tests were performed on refrigerant fluids (R134a) to evaluate the boiling performance of the electrodeposited nanostructured micro-porous structures. At heat flux of 1 W/cm2， the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced over 15 times compared to a plain reference surface. A model has been presented to explain the enhancement based on the structure characteristics. 展開

納米材料的摘要翻譯（7）: Drivers and Directions In the United States， the EPA and NIOSH are spearheading research into nanoparticles and their associated health risks through a variety of funded research projects and information exchange programs. NIOSH’s Web si... Drivers and Directions In the United States， the EPA and NIOSH are spearheading research into nanoparticles and their associated health risks through a variety of funded research projects and information exchange programs. NIOSH’s Web site also cites its participation in the multiagency National Nanotechnology Initiative and the Nanoscale Science， Engineering and Technology Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council’s Committee on Technology. But on the whole， the study of nanotechnology in the workplace is still in its infancy. Or as Keith Rickabaugh， technical director of materials and analytical services for RJ Lee Group， Monroeville， Pa.， puts it， “what has been learned is that there is much more to learn.” Rickabaugh goes on to say that， “We need to learn how to economically/reasonably establish safe work practices and engineering controls to protect workers from an ‘unknown’ exposure risk. That includes performing studies to document the health risks of nanosized particles， and training workers to understand and be able to characterize those materials.” 展開

翻譯一段納米材料的摘要(1): Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostruc... Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostructured surfaces. The study includes two parts; in the first part， bulk transparent polymer-inorganic nanocomposites were produced by a novel synthesis method and its UV-absorption has been investigated. In the second part， nanostructured microporous surface layers， of copper， were fabricated by electrodeposition process and its effect on material’s performance for pool boiling has been investigated evaluated.In the first part of the thesis， bulk polymer-inorganic nanocomposites composed of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc compounds were prepared by an in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of zinc complex in PMMA matrix. The immiscibility of heterophases of solid organic and inorganic constituents was resolved by the in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of ZnO nanofillers within PMMA in the presence of dual functional agent， monoethanolamine， which provided strong secondary interfacial interactions for both complexing and crosslinking of constituents. Comprehensive characterization of the polymer-inorganic hybrid materials has been undertaken using a wide range of techniques; XRD， 1H NMR， FT-IR， TGA， DSC， UV-Vis， ED， SEM， TEM and HRTEM. The homogeneous PMMA-ZnO nanocomposites exhibited enhanced UV-sheltering effects in the entire UV range even at very low ZnO content of 0.02 wt%. 展開

摘要，關鍵字翻譯: 摘要：從天然食用紫卷心菜中以水作溶劑提取紫紅色素，分別用微波和超聲波作輔助并對提取溫度、時間及次數(shù)等工藝條件進了研究。實驗結果表明，微波輔助之以水作溶劑提取天然食用紫卷心... 摘要：從天然食用紫卷心菜中以水作溶劑提取紫紅色素，分別用微波和超聲波作輔助并對提取溫度、時間及次數(shù)等工藝條件進了研究。實驗結果表明，微波輔助之以水作溶劑提取天然食用紫卷心菜中紫紅色素效果Z好，Z佳提取條件為：微波火力為80，輻射時間180秒。關鍵字：紫卷心菜；紅色素；提?。晃⒉?；超聲波。展開

【生物專業(yè)英語】摘要翻譯: Abstract:Heavymetals，suchascadmium，copper，lead，chromiumandmercury，areimportantenvironmentalpollutants，particularlyinareaswithhighanthropogenicpressure.Theirpresenceinthea... Abstract: Heavy metals， such as cadmium， copper， lead， chromium and mercury， are important environmental pollutants， particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere， soil and water， even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms， and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely: inhalation and ingestion， ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system， heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil (total or bioavailable concentration) that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include: soil type which includes soil pH， organic matter content， clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition， the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals， thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity. 用翻譯軟件的免回，哥也有，真誠求助高手！展開

幫忙翻譯論文摘要: 換熱器是化工、煉油、動力、食品、輕工等許多工業(yè)部門廣泛應用的一種通用設備。其性能的好壞直接影響過程工業(yè)熱經(jīng)濟性的高低。近年來，由于能源危機，強化傳熱技術和新型換熱器的研究... 換熱器是化工、煉油、動力、食品、輕工等許多工業(yè)部門廣泛應用的一種通用設備。其性能的好壞直接影響過程工業(yè)熱經(jīng)濟性的高低。近年來，由于能源危機，強化傳熱技術和新型換熱器的研究得了飛速發(fā)展。本次的實驗是在前人設計的帶螺旋折流片（下簡稱螺旋片）換熱器的基礎上再在內圓管多加上擾流柱，分析不同操作參數(shù)和結構參數(shù)條件下流體傳熱情況，由此得出影響換熱器傳熱性能的條件，為進一步研究靜態(tài)混合器傳熱情況和其在實際工程及設計中的應用奠定基礎。本文對換熱器進行了研究，測得殼程空氣進出口溫度，利用溫差傳熱，以努塞爾準數(shù)作為衡量換熱器傳熱性能的標準，分別考察了雷諾數(shù)對努塞爾準數(shù)的影響，并與空管進行了比較。換熱器器中由于擾流柱的作用，使進入管中的流體在流經(jīng)擾流柱時產(chǎn)生旋渦，有效地消除了徑向主流道的速度梯度和溫度梯度。因傳熱邊界層大大減薄，使得邊界層內流體不斷得到更新，熱阻下降，傳熱過程得到強化。通過實驗可以得出一些結論: 由于有螺旋片同擾流柱的存在使得擾動螺旋型換熱器的傳熱效果明顯要優(yōu)于圓滑管型換熱器同螺旋型換熱器;螺旋片使流體具有向外甩開的離心力，流體在流過擾流柱時因被分流、切割、再生，不僅加速了流速并且在柱后形成渦流，加速壁面流體的更新，減薄粘性邊界層底層的厚度，從而提高了傳熱性能; 同一模型在不同Re下，隨著Re的增加，Nu也隨著增加，在不計阻力時，模型的傳熱效果隨著Re的增加而提高不要在線翻譯的。希望幫一忙！如果好再加100分，我現(xiàn)在非常急，馬上就要交了。展開

幫忙翻譯論文摘要: 換熱器是化工、煉油、動力、食品、輕工等許多工業(yè)部門廣泛應用的一種通用設備。其性能的好壞直接影響過程工業(yè)熱經(jīng)濟性的高低。近年來，由于能源危機，強化傳熱技術和新型換熱器的研究... 換熱器是化工、煉油、動力、食品、輕工等許多工業(yè)部門廣泛應用的一種通用設備。其性能的好壞直接影響過程工業(yè)熱經(jīng)濟性的高低。近年來，由于能源危機，強化傳熱技術和新型換熱器的研究得了飛速發(fā)展。本次的實驗是在前人設計的帶螺旋折流片（下簡稱螺旋片）換熱器的基礎上再在內圓管多加上擾流柱，分析不同操作參數(shù)和結構參數(shù)條件下流體傳熱情況，由此得出影響換熱器傳熱性能的條件，為進一步研究靜態(tài)混合器傳熱情況和其在實際工程及設計中的應用奠定基礎。本文對換熱器進行了研究，測得殼程空氣進出口溫度，利用溫差傳熱，以努塞爾準數(shù)作為衡量換熱器傳熱性能的標準，分別考察了雷諾數(shù)對努塞爾準數(shù)的影響，并與空管進行了比較。換熱器器中由于擾流柱的作用，使進入管中的流體在流經(jīng)擾流柱時產(chǎn)生旋渦，有效地消除了徑向主流道的速度梯度和溫度梯度。因傳熱邊界層大大減薄，使得邊界層內流體不斷得到更新，熱阻下降，傳熱過程得到強化。通過實驗可以得出一些結論: 由于有螺旋片同擾流柱的存在使得擾動螺旋型換熱器的傳熱效果明顯要優(yōu)于圓滑管型換熱器同螺旋型換熱器;螺旋片使流體具有向外甩開的離心力，流體在流過擾流柱時因被分流、切割、再生，不僅加速了流速并且在柱后形成渦流，加速壁面流體的更新，減薄粘性邊界層底層的厚度，從而提高了傳熱性能; 同一模型在不同Re下，隨著Re的增加，Nu也隨著增加，在不計阻力時，模型的傳熱效果隨著Re的增加而提高不要翻譯軟件翻譯的。如果好再加分展開

納米材料翻譯（8）: Symposium Spotlights the State of the Science Nanotechnology research may still be in its infancy， but indications are good that the field will be growing up fast in the coming years. This promising trend was evident at the second Interna... Symposium Spotlights the State of the Science Nanotechnology research may still be in its infancy， but indications are good that the field will be growing up fast in the coming years. This promising trend was evident at the second International Symposium on Nanotechnology and Occupational Health， which was held in Minneapolis in early October 2005. Sponsored by NIOSH， the Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Minnesota and the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology at Rice University， the symposium showcased not only the progress that has been made in the study of nanotechnology’s workplace issues， but also the depth and breadth of questions that remain. Patrick O’Shaughnessy of the University of Iowa， Iowa City， considered the meeting “very productive. It brought together most of the players from health and safety. It was good to see the variety of academic， government and business people interested in ensuring that the health and safety topics and concerns are addressed as soon as possible. No one wants another asbestos problem to emerge.”He notes that several talks and poster sessions on toxicology showed data implying that nanoparticles tested may not be as reactive as first suspected. In addition， there was a general consensus that typical mass-based measurements will not be adequate when evaluating a workplace because of nanoparticles’ small size and low mass. “Interestingly， devices that measure particle surface area may be very useful because the particles have an extremely large surface-to-volume ratio， and therefore， a greater potential to react with lung tissue，” O’Shaughnessy says. Other topics of interest， adds Mark Hoover of NIOSH， Morgantown， W. Va.， included how to organize health and safety programs and resources to manage nanoparticles effectively and safely， personal protective equipment and filtration， as well as whether existing information about micrometer particles can be extrapolated to the nanometer range. “The evidence is still developing，” Hoover says， “but many people will do investigations with multiple metrics so we can be sure.”Hoover was also impressed with the symposium’s international flavor. “You had a lot of networking going on between U.S. scientists and their colleagues from the Pacific Rim， the European Union， Australia and New Zealand，” he says. “Everybody is eager to get up to speed with their colleagues’ research.” 展開

納米材料翻譯（3）: The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductor... The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductors， pigments， luminescence devices， solar cells， IR detectors and optical fiber， communications， modern thermoelectric coolers [3]. Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a direct band gap material with Eg of 1.3? eV [4] and useful for photodiode arrays of photovoltaics [5]. Usually， busmuth sulfide can be prepared by direct reaction of bismuth and sulfur vapor in a quartz vessel at high temperature [6]. The chemical deposition method was applied to prepare bismuth sulfide through reaction of bismuth salt complexed by triethanolamine or EDTA with an aqueous solution containing a sulfur sourse such as thioacetamide， thiourea， sodium thiosulphate， geseous H2S. However， the powders obtained through this route are mostly amorphous or poorly crystallized [7–10]. The thermal decomposition preparation of bismuth sulfide was also reported by thermal decomposition of bismuth dithiocarbamate complexes [11]， metal ethylxanthate [12]， Bi-thiourea complex [13]. However， all these methods required high temperature or else the final poducts contain some impurites. Some researches use nonagueous solutions for depostion of bismuth sulfide thin films， but they have got amorphous products [14， 15]. Yu and Qian reported thermal synthesis of Bi2S3 through a reaction of BiCl3 and thiourea in ethanol at 140? °C [16]. 展開

納米材料翻譯（6）: Such interest is well founded.Touted as the impetus for a 21st century industrial revolution， manufactured nanoscale materials (less than 100 nanometers) are being studied intensely by a variety of industries. Worldwide， governments are alr... Such interest is well founded.Touted as the impetus for a 21st century industrial revolution， manufactured nanoscale materials (less than 100 nanometers) are being studied intensely by a variety of industries. Worldwide， governments are already investing billions of dollars in nanotechnology; that figure almost certainly will surpass $1 trillion in the next 10 years. Perhaps the only thing that approaches nanotechnology's technological potential is the uncertainty surrounding its occupational health risks. Relatively little is known about the exposure patterns and toxicity levels of ultrafine materials. But with hundreds of thousands of workers expected to join an industry that likely will redefine nearly every aspect of manufacturing and processing in the coming years， it’s essential that IHs learn as much as they can about potential workplace safety issues related to nanotechnology. “This is an opportunity for IHs to be at the forefront of solving problems before they arise，” says Mark Hoover， a senior research scientist at NIOSH in Morgantown， W.Va.“It is certainly a better approach than having to react to a problem or perform a cleanup on short notice.” 展開

納米材料翻譯（4）: In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3Y... In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3?5H2O and octanic acid were used as the starting materials. The acid was reagent and solvent at the same time and was added in twice excess. After boiling the mixture of starting materials during 1? hour， the product was salted out by ethylacetate. The precipitate was filtered and dried in exxicator at room temperature.The second step was the synthesis of bismuth sulfide by boiling of bismuth octanoate and sulfur in decane during 2.5? hours. The dark grey precipitate was filtered and washed with hexane several times to remove the impurites. The product was dried in exxicator at room temperature. 展開

幫忙翻譯2: 3.6. Advantages of chromia as promoter in copper-based Catalysts It should also be noted from Figs. 5 and 6 that in the steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications， trace quantities (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on Cu... 3.6. Advantages of chromia as promoter in copper-based Catalysts It should also be noted from Figs. 5 and 6 that in the steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications， trace quantities (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on Cu not only doubled the activity for the MSR but also halved the amount of CO formed， thereby enhancing H2 production. This improved selectivity reduces the problem of H2 separation from the reaction products in fuel cell applications. An important finding in this research is the role that very small amounts of Cr2O3 play in all the reactions investigated， namely， methanol synthesis， water gas shift and methanol steam reforming. In commercial co-precipitatedcopper-based methanol synthesis catalysts， copper is known to be the active component [3]. More recently， it has becomeestablished that ZnO promotes methanol synthesis and that surface species formed by Cu-ZnO interaction are responsible for methanol synthesis [42]. The role of Cr2O3 in commercial catalysts is thought to be similar to that of Al2O3， which is to act as stabilizer of the structure of the copper catalyst， thereby reducing sintering. In this study， as in a previous one [18] using a different technique todeposit chromia on the surface of skeletal copper， we have shown that Cr2O3 has a significant role in copper-based methanol synthesis from CO2. That role is to improve the methanol yield by reducing the RWGS reaction (Fig. 3) aswas observed in the earlier study [18]. A major finding of this study has been the very strong evidence the Cr2O3 has a synergistic effect on the activity of copper for methanol synthesis， methanol steam reforming and the water gas shift reactions. From Figs. 4 and 5 it can be seen that 0.85 wt.% Cr2O3 enhances the specific activity (mol/hm2 Cu) of skeletal copper 270% for the WGS and 150% for methanol steam reforming. In the case of methanol synthesis (Fig. 2) 0.61 wt.% Cr2O3 increases the specific activity of copper by 67%. The results for the WGS and MS reactions are similar to those obtained under the same reaction conditions using skeletal copper promoted by Cr2O3 which was deposited from sodium chromate in the caustic leach liquor [28]. In that study， the effect of chromia was more pronounced， with an increase in activity of 950% for theWGSand 168% for the MSR reaction， respectively， using skeletal copper containing 0.75 wt.% Cr2O3. For methanol synthesis over Cr2O3 promoted skeletal copperprepared using sodium chromate in the leach liquor， Ma et al. [18] observed no increase in the specific activity of copper. 展開

納米材料英文文獻加翻譯:

急求英文高手翻譯一段摘要有關夾具設計的: Abstract In this paper， the general situation of research on agile fixture design is summarized and the achievements and deficiencies in the field of case-based fixture design are pointed out. There are no correlative case bases and match... Abstract In this paper， the general situation of research on agile fixture design is summarized and the achievements and deficiencies in the field of case-based fixture design are pointed out. There are no correlative case bases and matching mechanisms during the period from establishing the fixture planning to designing the fixture in currently used case-based fixture design systems. Thus a great amount of experience of fixture design is wasted and cannot be re-used， which reduces design efficiency and violates the original intention of case-based reasoning methods. In order to realize agility of fixture design， including re-configurability， re-scalability and re-usability， in this paper， a re-configurable agile fixture element base and an element assembly relation base are established. Using these two bases， the fixture structure is function-based decomposed， which makes it easy for an agile fixture to be re-configured and modified. Furthermore， a whole case-based agile fixture design model is presented， in which three modules are introduced， including the evaluation of the similarity of fixture planning， conflict arbitration and the modification of an agile fixture case. The three modules can be used to solve a problem where experience and design results cannot be re-used in the process of fixture design. Against the agile fixture design model， the evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the similarity in various phases. However， a similar case in the base could not generally meet the actual requirement and resolve the conflict between the similar case and the actual condition. Thus three methods， including a local restriction-relaxed method， a function-based conflict arbitration method and a case-based conflict arbitration method， are presented to clear up the conflict and could be used to modify the case to obtain an approach to a design result. Finally， an agile fixture design example is presented. The result demonstrates that the case-based agile fixture design approach can improve re-usability and design efficiency. Keywords: Agile fixture design; Case-based reasoning; Modeling 展開

急幫我翻譯下這個摘要有寫好的幫忙修改下: 摘要：實驗測定和比較了九頂山雞不同品系雞肉中微量元素的含量的差異。以及同種品系胸肌和腿肌中微量元素的差異。分析不同品系和同種品系之間微量元素的差異。根據(jù)生長性能、雞的血緣... 摘要：實驗測定和比較了九頂山雞不同品系雞肉中微量元素的含量的差異。以及同種品系胸肌和腿肌中微量元素的差異。分析不同品系和同種品系之間微量元素的差異。根據(jù)生長性能、雞的血緣、生產(chǎn)性能等把九頂山雞分為九頂山雞Ⅰ號，九頂山雞Ⅱ號，九頂山雞Ⅲ號。以九頂山雞腿部肌和胸肌為實驗材料采用微波消解及等離子發(fā)射光譜儀（ICP）測定其cd、co微量元素的含量，并進行對比。其結果表明 Abstract: This study is to compare trace elements Jiudingshan chicken (Gus Gallus) and the differences between other species. in same strains Breast and leg muscles difference between the trace element. According to the growth performance， chicken's blood， production performance， etc. Species can be divided into types I and ll and lll Jiudingshan chicken (Gus Gallus). Experimental material as the legs and chest， using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP) of the trace elements measured and compared. The results showed that: 展開

請求達人幫忙做點翻譯~~2: 關于化學的文章，有些地方是下標什么的，可能翻譯有點麻煩。 Mn3O4 powder was soaked with a LiNO3 solution to get LiMn204． After dryness， the powder was sintered at different temperatures for 24h in air． The X—ray diffraction was carried ... 關于化學的文章，有些地方是下標什么的，可能翻譯有點麻煩。 Mn3O4 powder was soaked with a LiNO3 solution to get LiMn204． After dryness， the powder was sintered at different temperatures for 24h in air． The X—ray diffraction was carried out with a Rigaku 12 kW rotary X—ray diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation and a graphite monochromator． Thepowder sample was examined with 2θ varying from10℃ to 75℃．The X—ray diffraction data for the samples sintered at different temperatures showed lines that could be indexed based on the spinel structure. The Raman spectra were excited from the samples held at room temperature，at an excitation wavelength of 517．4 nm and with a Nd—YAG laser operated at 1064 cm 1and 10 mW ． The spectra were recorded on a Renishaw Raman spectrometer with the sample mounted in a backscattering(180°) geometry and at a resolution of 4 cm -1． Results and Discussion Although all the diffraction lines can be fitted with a spinel structure very well，we cannot unambiguously distinguish the layered α一NaFeO2 structure(space group R3m )from the spinel structure(space group Fd3m ) only based on those X—ray diffraction data． Raman spectroscopy must be employed to identify the real structure of the materials． Ammundsen et al. have calculated the Raman—active modes for spinel structure based on factor group analysis，showing that there should be five bands for the spinel structure． Fig.2 shows the Raman spectra of LiMn204 sintered at 500 and 600 ℃． There is a significant difference between the spectra from the samples sintered at these two temperatures，i.e.，there are five Raman peaks for the sample sintered at 500 ℃ and only two peaks for the sample sintered at 600 ℃ ．Five calculationpredicted Raman—active modes for LiMn204 are one mode of Alg symmetry，one mode of Eg symmetry，and three modes of T2g symmetry .Accordingly， LiMn204 sample sintered at 600 ℃ seem s not to be crystallized in the spinel structure，while LiMn204 sample sintered below 500 ℃ is crystallized in the spinel structure．Usually，the low—temperature(LT) phase of LiCoO2 exhibits the spinel stucture，while the high—temperature(HT ) phase of it exhibits the α一NaFeO2 structure． According to our Raman data，the LT phase of the LiMn204 powder exhibits the spinel structure， which displays the same tendency as LiCo02 materia1．展開

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這個作業(yè)怎么做？新型納米材料MFe 2: 新型納米材料MFe 2 O x (3
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