誰能翻譯這段英文，化學(xué)專業(yè)方面的，很難
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This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impe... This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impedance data. The good agreement between the two sets of measurements allows some basic conclusions to be drawn. In particular， the O2 evolution process is always inhibited at F-doped PbO2 electrodes， and impedance results suggest possible changes in the mechanism， with electrodesorption of intermediates becoming more important as the concentration of the doping element increases. The interpretation of the data for the less positive potentials region invokes the specific adsorption of SO4 as a factor influencing the kinetics of O2 evolution. The current efficiency for O3 formation as a function of the amount of NaF added to the PbO2 growth solution reaches a maximum for a concentration of 0.01 mol dm 3. A plausible cause for the decrease on the higher concentration side is the discharge of adsorbed SO4 2 (or HSO4 ) eventually yielding persulphate. This reaction is known to be favoured in the presence of a relatively high amount of fluoride in the electrolyte. An analysis of the results of modified neglect of diatomic differential overlap (MNDO) calculations on Pb cluster models and of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggests that the coverage by weakly adsorbed oxygen species (OH and H2O) is an important parameter that is influenced by F-doping. ? 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 展開
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- 紅塵曲鎮(zhèn)魂調(diào) 2009-02-22 00:00:00
- 這項(xiàng)工作檢查的行為： 氟改性β -二氧化鉛電極過程中的O2和O3的演變硫酸。電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析這些過程是基于準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)極化和交流阻抗數(shù)據(jù)。好之間的協(xié)議兩套允許一些基本的測(cè)量得出的結(jié)論。特別是， O2的進(jìn)化過程中始終是YZ的F摻雜二氧化鉛電極，和阻抗結(jié)果表明可能發(fā)生的變化的機(jī)制， 準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)極化和交流阻抗數(shù)據(jù)的中間體越來越重要. 摻雜濃度的因素增加。解釋的數(shù)據(jù)不太積極的潛力區(qū)域援引具體的吸附硫酸作為一個(gè)影響因素的動(dòng)力學(xué)氧演變。電流效率對(duì)臭氧形成的函數(shù)的數(shù)額氟化鈉加入二氧化鉛增長(zhǎng)的解決辦法達(dá)到的Z高濃度為0.01摩爾馬克。的可行的減少引起的高濃度一側(cè)是放電吸附硫酸（或HSO4 ）Z終收益硫酸鉀。這種反應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是贊成存在相對(duì)較高的數(shù)額中氟化物電解質(zhì)。分析的結(jié)果，修改忽略雙原子微分重疊（ MNDO ）計(jì)算鉛簇模型和X射線光電子能譜（ XPS ）的數(shù)據(jù)表明，覆蓋范圍由弱吸附氧物種（ OH和水）是一個(gè)重要的參數(shù)，受到的F -興奮劑。 © 1999埃爾塞維爾科技有限公司.
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- 天秤三次元直男 2009-02-22 00:00:00
- 這項(xiàng)工作檢查的行為，氟改性β -二氧化鉛電極過程中的O2和O3的演變硫酸。電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析這些過程是基于準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)極化和交流阻抗數(shù)據(jù)。好之間的協(xié)議兩套允許一些基本的測(cè)量得出的結(jié)論。特別是， O2的進(jìn)化過程中始終是YZ的F摻雜二氧化鉛電極，和阻抗結(jié)果表明可能發(fā)生的變化的機(jī)制， electrodesorption中間體越來越重要的 摻雜濃度的因素增加。解釋的數(shù)據(jù)不太積極的潛力區(qū)域援引具體的吸附硫酸作為一個(gè)影響因素的動(dòng)力學(xué)氧演變。電流效率對(duì)臭氧形成的函數(shù)的數(shù)額氟化鈉加入二氧化鉛增長(zhǎng)的解決辦法達(dá)到的Z高濃度為0.01摩爾馬克？ 3 。的可行的減少引起的高濃度一側(cè)是放電 吸附硫酸2 ？ （或HSO4 ）Z終收益硫酸鉀。這種反應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是贊成存在相對(duì)較高的數(shù)額中氟化物電解質(zhì)。分析的結(jié)果，修改忽略雙原子微分重疊（ MNDO ）計(jì)算鉛簇模型和X射線光電子能譜（ XPS ）的數(shù)據(jù)表明，覆蓋范圍由弱吸附氧物種（ OH和水）是一個(gè)重要的參數(shù)，受到的F -興奮劑。 © 1999埃爾塞維爾科技有限公司All rights reserved 。
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- 對(duì)你無限的奉獻(xiàn) 2009-02-22 00:00:00
- 這項(xiàng)工作檢查的行為，氟改性β -二氧化鉛電極過程中的O2和O3的演變硫酸。電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析這些過程是基于準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)極化和交流阻抗數(shù)據(jù)。好之間的協(xié)議兩套允許一些基本的測(cè)量得出的結(jié)論。特別是， O2的進(jìn)化過程中始終是YZ的F摻雜二氧化鉛電極，和阻抗結(jié)果表明可能發(fā)生的變化的機(jī)制， electrodesorption中間體越來越重要的 濃度的增加興奮劑元素，解釋的數(shù)據(jù)不太積極的潛力區(qū)域援引具體的吸附硫酸作為一個(gè)影響因素的動(dòng)力學(xué)氧演變。電流效率對(duì)臭氧形成的函數(shù)的數(shù)額氟化鈉加入二氧化鉛增長(zhǎng)的解決辦法達(dá)到的Z高濃度為0.01摩爾管理部3 。的可行的減少引起的高濃度一側(cè)是放電 硫酸2吸附（或HSO4 ）Z終收益硫酸鉀。這種反應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是贊成存在相對(duì)較高的數(shù)額中氟化物電解質(zhì)。分析的結(jié)果，修改忽略雙原子微分重疊（ MNDO ）計(jì)算鉛簇模型和X射線光電子能譜（ XPS ）的數(shù)據(jù)表明，覆蓋范圍由弱吸附氧物種（ OH和水）是一個(gè)重要的參數(shù)，受到的F -興奮劑。 © 1999埃爾塞維爾科技有限公司保留所有權(quán)利。
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- 雄安任 2009-02-22 00:00:00
- 終于好了，辛苦了十五分鐘，個(gè)人很滿意 這個(gè)工作測(cè)試了硫酸環(huán)境下氧氣和臭氧轉(zhuǎn)化中用氟處理過的b-二氧化鉛電極的性能。對(duì)這些過程的電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析基于 近似穩(wěn)定狀態(tài) 的極化和阻抗數(shù)據(jù)。兩組數(shù)據(jù)的良好吻合可以推出一些基本結(jié)論。特別的，氧氣轉(zhuǎn)化反應(yīng)總是在含氟二氧化鉛電極附近被YZ，并且阻抗數(shù)據(jù)表明裝置可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化，中間產(chǎn)物對(duì)電極的吸附隨著添加物比例的增加而增加。對(duì)電正性較弱區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)的解讀說明特定的SO4的吸收是影響O2轉(zhuǎn)化過程動(dòng)力學(xué)的一個(gè)因素?，F(xiàn)在O3轉(zhuǎn)化的效率，當(dāng)二氧化鉛內(nèi)氟化鈉添加濃度為0.01mol/L時(shí)達(dá)到Z大值。對(duì)于更高濃度下效率的下降，一個(gè)可以接受的解釋是吸收的SO4 2(或HSO4)可能產(chǎn)生過硫酸。這個(gè)反應(yīng)當(dāng)電解質(zhì)內(nèi)氟的含量較多時(shí)更易發(fā)生。一個(gè)關(guān)于MNDO法對(duì)于鉛團(tuán)簇模型以及X射線光電子能譜(XPS)的計(jì)算結(jié)果的分析表明，輕度吸收的氧族(OH和H2O)的覆蓋是一個(gè)被添加氟所影響的重要參數(shù)。 本人不是化學(xué)專業(yè)的，所以有些術(shù)語(yǔ)欠妥。另外Z后一句不大通順，Z好另外請(qǐng)教高人。
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- 陜西筑龍建筑 2009-02-22 00:00:00
- 該書檢視b-PbO2的行為中氟修改電極的進(jìn)化過程中O2和臭氧硫酸。分析了電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)過程是基于quasi-steady-state和阻抗數(shù)據(jù)的分化。良好的之間的協(xié)議兩套測(cè)量的基本結(jié)論是允許一些結(jié)論。在特殊情況下，O2演化過程中總是壓抑在F-doped二氧化鉛電極、阻抗結(jié)果顯示可能的變化機(jī)制，以electrodesorption中間體變得更重要的 摻雜元素濃度的增加。對(duì)資料的解釋為少的特定區(qū)域召喚積極的潛力的吸附SO4作為影響因子動(dòng)力學(xué)演化O2)。電流效率為O3形成一個(gè)函數(shù)的名稱加入二氧化鉛增長(zhǎng)達(dá)到Z大溶液濃度對(duì)注塑件dm3 0.01%。一個(gè)似是而非的原因在更高濃度的降低是放電 2(或者對(duì)吸附SO4)Z終屈服persulphate HSO4。這種反應(yīng)被視為主張?jiān)诖嬖谳^高的含氟在電解質(zhì)。分析結(jié)果對(duì)改性忽略了雙原子微分重疊(MNDO)的計(jì)算模型，對(duì)鉛集群的x射線光電子能譜(XPS)數(shù)據(jù)顯示范圍由弱吸附氧(哦，水)是一種重要的參數(shù)，是受F-doping卷。1999年。版權(quán)所有。
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- 戀池水瓶 2009-02-23 00:00:00
- 此帖確實(shí)如樓主所說“很難”，但請(qǐng)樓主仔細(xì)審閱我的翻譯，謝謝！ This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. 本研究旨在驗(yàn)證b－PbO2電極在O2和O3于硫酸中析出過程中的性狀。The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impedance data. 這些過程的電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析以準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)極化數(shù)據(jù)和阻抗數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)。The good agreement between the two sets of measurements allows some basic conclusions to be drawn.由于兩組測(cè)量值之間良好的一致性，所以可以得出一些基本的結(jié)論。 In particular， the O2 evolution process is always inhibited at F-doped PbO2 electrodes， and impedance results suggest possible changes in the mechanism， with electrode sorption of intermediates becoming more important as the concentration of the doping element increases. 特別是，O2的析出過程總是在摻F（氟）的PbO2電極處被YZ，而阻抗的結(jié)果表明了機(jī)理方面可能的改變， 即電極對(duì)中間體的吸附作用隨著摻雜元素濃度的增加而變得更為重要了。The interpretation of the data for the less positive potentials region invokes the specific adsorption of SO4 as a factor influencing the kinetics of O2 evolution. 對(duì)于正電位較小區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)的判讀，調(diào)用了SO4作為影響O2析出動(dòng)力學(xué)的一個(gè)因素的特定吸附作用。The current efficiency for O3 formation as a function of the amount of NaF added to the PbO2 growth solution reaches a maximum for a concentration of 0.01 mol dm3. 對(duì)于O3形成的電流效率，作為添加到PbO2生長(zhǎng)溶液中的NaF量的函數(shù)，在0.01 mol dm3濃度下達(dá)到一Z大值。 A plausible cause for the decrease on the higher concentration side is the discharge of adsorbed SO4 2 (or HSO4 ) eventually yielding persulphate. 在較高濃度側(cè)的降低，其貌似合理的原因是，被吸附的SO42(或HSO4)的排出（discharge）Z終產(chǎn)生了過硫酸鹽。This reaction is known to be favoured in the presence of a relatively high amount of fluoride in the electrolyte. 已知，這一反應(yīng)在電解液中存在相對(duì)大量氟化物時(shí)更為有利。 An analysis of the results of modified neglect of diatomic differential overlap (MNDO) calculations on Pb cluster models and of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggests that the coverage by weakly adsorbed oxygen species (OH and H2O) is an important parameter that is influenced by F-doping. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 對(duì)Pb（鉛）原子簇模型改進(jìn)的忽略雙原子微分重疊（MNDO）計(jì)算結(jié)果的分析，以及X射線光電子能譜（XPS）數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果的分析表明，由弱吸附的氧物質(zhì)（OH和H2O）的覆蓋是一個(gè)受F（氟）摻雜影響的重要的參數(shù)。 1999年Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有權(quán)利
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- 誰能翻譯這段英文，化學(xué)專業(yè)方面的，很難
- This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impe... This work examines the behaviour of fluorine modified b-PbO2 electrodes in the processes of O2 and O3 evolution in sulphuric acid. The electrochemical kinetic analyses of these processes are based on quasi-steady-state polarisation and impedance data. The good agreement between the two sets of measurements allows some basic conclusions to be drawn. In particular， the O2 evolution process is always inhibited at F-doped PbO2 electrodes， and impedance results suggest possible changes in the mechanism， with electrodesorption of intermediates becoming more important as the concentration of the doping element increases. The interpretation of the data for the less positive potentials region invokes the specific adsorption of SO4 as a factor influencing the kinetics of O2 evolution. The current efficiency for O3 formation as a function of the amount of NaF added to the PbO2 growth solution reaches a maximum for a concentration of 0.01 mol dm 3. A plausible cause for the decrease on the higher concentration side is the discharge of adsorbed SO4 2 (or HSO4 ) eventually yielding persulphate. This reaction is known to be favoured in the presence of a relatively high amount of fluoride in the electrolyte. An analysis of the results of modified neglect of diatomic differential overlap (MNDO) calculations on Pb cluster models and of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggests that the coverage by weakly adsorbed oxygen species (OH and H2O) is an important parameter that is influenced by F-doping. ? 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 展開
2009-02-21 00:33:53
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- 測(cè)序方面的生物專業(yè)英文句子翻譯
- The cDNA and gene sequences currently available includes 31，741 unique sequences assembled from 217，519 high quality 454 sequencing reads.這句怎么翻譯？尤其是high quality 454 sequencing reads具體怎么翻譯
2012-10-02 13:55:39
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- 誰能幫我翻譯一下這段英文文獻(xiàn)啊
- Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed b... Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed by electron probe for carbon， the particles displayed high carbon peaks， as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 exhibits the analyzed result for extracted product of the copper–diamond composite by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is shown that three dif- fraction peaks exist， shown as A， B and C， respectively. The interplanar distances corresponding to the three peaks and standard ones for diamond are compared in Table 1. The measured values of the interplanar distances are in good agreement with the standard ones， demon- strating that the extracted product should be the carbon in diamond state. Fig. 4(a) gives a TEM micrograph showing distribution and morphology of diamond particles (indicated as A， B， and C) in the copper–diamond composite. The calibration of interplanar distance for diffraction rings in Fig. 4(b) was given in Table 2. Compared to Table 1， it is also demon- strated that the calibrated interplanar distances for the diffraction rings conform to the standard ones of diamond. Therefore， it is believed that the graphitization of diamond particles hardly occurs after sintering at 1150–1220 K in the copper–diamond composite. Although diamond is a metastable allotropic modifica- tion of carbon， the graphitization of diamond particles in the copper–diamond composite did not occur， or the degree of graphitization was too small to be found. It is believed that the beginning temperature of graphi- tization would be associated with the purity of diamond powders. The impurities such as some metallic elements reduce the beginning temperature of diamond graphitiza- tion. When diamond is fabricated by the static synthesis method， Fe and Ni are often used as catalysts and are present in diamond as impurities to decrease the beginning temperature of graphitization [6]. It is understandable that both for the graphitization and its reverse reactions， their activation energies can be decreased by catalytic agents. Compared with the diamond fabricated by static synthesis， the diamond powders prepared by explosion method do not contain metallic impurities， thus leading to an obvious increase in the beginning temperature of graphitization. Hence， the detonation synthetic diamond might be more resistant to graphitization and probably suitable for the electric contact materials. 展開
2011-03-22 08:43:56
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- 通信方面的英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯??！
- 以下是文獻(xiàn)的一部分，愿意幫忙的高手留下郵箱，我把文件發(fā)給你，若能完成，加分：SpatialCompressiveSensingApproachForFieldDirectionalityEstimation.I.INTRODUCTIONVarietyoft... 以下是文獻(xiàn)的一部分，愿意幫忙的高手留下郵箱，我把文件發(fā)給你，若能完成，加分： Spatial Compressive Sensing Approach For Field Directionality Estimation. I. INTRODUCTION Variety of techniques for field directionality estimation were studied in literature [1]-[5]. Thus， a theoretical analysis of the relationship between the hydrophone array output and the noise field was conducted in [1]-[5]. The developed techniques were based on the array beamformer output or the crossspectral matrix between outputs of array elements [4]-[5]. The problem of a field directionality estimation in ocean， using horizontal line towed array was also addressed in literature [5]- [8]. Recently， problems of direction of arrival and field directionality estimation for moving sensors arrays have attracted renewed interest [9]-[12]. It was shown that an array motion can improve an array performance assuming temporal coherence of successive samples [10]-[11]. In [12]， the wavefield sampling method that exploits the linear relationship between the noise field and the collection of beamformer outputs over various array orientations was proposed. It was shown that the wavefield sampling (WS) method outperforms other tested methods. This algorithm was implemented via the recursive estimation method and its convergence to the unique solution was promised for a specific set of array orientations and beamformer look directions. However， a method for a proper array orientation and beamformer look direction sequence selection remains an open question. The quality of the field directionality estimation is determined by the angular resolution. The higher angular resolution is， the more accurate estimation of the far field sources， and better detection performance can be achieved. One of fundamental relations in the array signal processing is that the angular resolution is directly proportional to the number of the array elements [13]. This relation motivates the desire for longer arrays that can achieve higher resolution. Unfortunately， the requirement contradicts the implementation and installation limitations that motivate shorter arrays. Moreover， implementation of longer arrays for maneuvering platforms such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) can even be impossible [14]. These contradictions motivate the quest for alternative array signal processing methods. Usually， the field directionality is modeled as a finite set of strong far-field narrow-band sources and an isotropic lowpower noise [1]. In this work， the model of the field directionality is adopted in the following way. First， the bearing angle space is uniformly sampled into a large number of discrete angles. Next， it is assumed that ether the high energy that corresponds to the far-field strong sources or the low-energy that corresponds to the isotropic noise is received at the sensor array from every of these discrete azimuth angles. 展開
2010-01-17 08:59:13
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- 急求翻譯下面這段測(cè)繪工程方面的文章
- REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE rece... REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE receivers in it's Boundary Management program. The use of RTK enables a surveyor to determine a corner's position， establish a corner without having to make traditional corner moves or to mark and post line as quickly as the surveyor could walk， all without having to post-process the data. The surveyor using RTK can perform corner search within a meter or a couple of centimeters of the true location without the need to traverse down the line. For some survey applications traditional kinematic GPS field procedures are preferred， since many points can be observed in a short period of time with occupation times of a minute or less. However until now， kinematic surveying required post-processing before the results were available. This made field stakeout of corner positions， corner search， line marking and posting， and evaluation of coordinate accuracy in the field impossible to do using kinematic techniques (Curry et al 1993). Now， the use of RTK technology makes these impossible traditional kinematic tasks possible. What is RTK? RTK is currently carrier phase observations processed (corrected) in real-time resulting in position coordinates to a 1-2 centimeter accuracy level being available to the surveyor in the field. In other words， what the surveyor sees is what he gets. RTK， consists of two or more GPS receivers， three or more radio-modems， a "fixed-plate initializer" ， and a handheld survey data collector/computer (TDC1). In RTK， one receiver occupies a known reference station and broadcasts a correction message (Compact Measurement Record or CMR2) to one or more roving receivers. The roving receivers process the information to solve the WGS-84 vectors by solving the integers in real-time within the receiver to produce an accurate position relative to the reference station. Precision of RTK is +/-2 cm + 2 ppm， with 1 ppm equating to 1 mm per 1 km (Trimble Navigation， 1993). The TDC1 is used to graphically display the processed results of the surveyors current position on the ground at that moment. The TDC1 has the capability for the surveyor to navigate within a couple of centimeters to a known or unknown coordinate position using Local， State Plane or Geographic coordinates. In real-time positions may be logged in the field， inverses performed， attributes (features) recorded， azimuths and distances between points calculated， and corners located. RTK， as with traditional kinematic GPS procedures， currently requires continuous satellite lock to be maintained. This restriction allows for RTK to be most effective in a non-canopied， no obstructions environment. 展開
2009-06-04 09:20:37
550
1
- 請(qǐng)翻譯一下這段英文1，謝謝
- Materials For the present study， the matrix was ABS supplied by Formosa Co. The reinforcements were polyacrylonitrile based high strength CFs. The properties of materials used were given in Table 1. Carbon fibre surface treatment Carbon fi... Materials For the present study， the matrix was ABS supplied by Formosa Co. The reinforcements were polyacrylonitrile based high strength CFs. The properties of materials used were given in Table 1. Carbon fibre surface treatment Carbon fibres were oxidised by boiling in HNO3 under reflux for 5 h (T5120uC). Afterwards， the nitric acid oxidised fibres were washed with distilled water to neutral pH. Fibre surface composition The fibres were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA 300， Scienta， Sweden) to determine the level of functionalisation of the modified fibres. An initial survey scan was performed to determine the detectable elements， followed by high resolution scans. The entire X-ray photoelectron spectrum was energy referenced to the C1s peak of graphite (bending energy5284?5 eV). Composite preparation Before processing， ABS pellets and CFs were dried in a vacuum oven for 4 h at 80uC. Composites containing 0， 5， 10， 15， 20， 25 and 30 wt-% SCF were prepared by melt mixing in a co-rotating twin screw extruder (Thermoprism TSE 16 TC， L/D:24). The ABS pellets and CFs were fed from the main and side feeders respectively. The molten composite obtained from the die of the extruder was water cooled and pelletised. The extrusion conditions were arranged， as shown in Table 2. The viscosity of the melt containing CFs depends on the viscosity of the polymer matrix as well as the processing temperature. To avoid unfavourable shearing conditions， the melt temperature is kept as high as possible regarding thermal degradation. Before PA6 was blended to promote interfacial adhesion， vacuum drying of the ABS and PA6 pellets was carried out at 80uC for 4 and 12 h respectively. The 0， 10， 20 and 30 wt-% PA6 containing batches were fed through the main feeder to the twin screw extruder. The extrudate was water cooled and chopped into small pellets. The produced ABS/PA6 pellets were vacuum dried again at 80uC for 12 h. To prepare the SCF reinforced ABS/PA6 composites， the blend was introduced into the twin screw extruder from the main feeder， and SCFs were fed from the side feeder. The twin screw extruder was operated at the same processing conditions used during the blend preparation. The extrudate was again water cooled and chopped into small pellets. The extrusion grades of resin were used to make the extrudate form fully. The specimens for the mechanical characterisation experiments were moulded using a laboratory scale injection moulding machine (microinjector， model 1998; Daca Instruments) at a barrel temperature of 230uC and mould temperature of 80uC. The injection moulding machine used in this study was a laboratory type microinjector. The principle of the operation is that the preweighed (，2?5 g) raw material is loaded into the cylindrical barrel and allowed to melt at a preset barrel temperature for 1 min.Then the molten plastic is pushed through an injection tip by a piston. 展開
2011-04-23 21:43:45
425
1
- 翻譯英文~專業(yè)類的
- Whilegraphene，acarbon-basedtwo-dimensionalnanomaterials，hasreceivedanupsurgeofinterest，[1]self-assemblyofsmallorganicandorganometallicmoleculesinto2Dnanostructurescouldal... While graphene， a carbon-based two-dimensional nanomaterials， has received an upsurge of interest，[1] self-assembly of small organic and organometallic molecules into 2D nanostructures could also be harnessed to develop new classes of functional supramolecular nanomaterials.[2] In principle， quasi-2D lamellae or nanosheets are planar structures having a thickness less than 100 nm and lateral dimensions a few orders of magnitude greater than their thickness. Control over the bilateral intermolecular noncovalent interactions is anticipated to organize small molecules into regular 2D nanostructures， which has been a formidable challenge yet to be achieved. Recently， Shelnutt and co-workers obtained discrete porphyrin nanosheets reprecipitated from their solutions;[3] Sathish and co-workers constructed hexagonal C60 nanosheets using a liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method;[4] the groups of Yao[5] and Hu[6] prepared singlecrystalline nanosheets of polycyclic aromatics using a surfactant- assisted reprecipitation and a physical vapor transporting method， respectively; and Zhang and co-workers suggested that molecules with intramolecular charge-transfer dipole moments could be grown into quasi-2D nanostructures.[7] Moreover， some amphiphiles and organogelators were found to self-organize into sheet-like nanostructures in contact with solvents.[8] Despite these advances， templateand surfactant-free synthesis of free-standing， crystalline， and optoelectronically active nanosheets from small molecules remains elusive. 展開
2010-03-06 01:33:12
480
6
- ？？？？？誰能幫我翻譯幾個(gè)英文——激光雷達(dá)？？？？？
- 關(guān)于激光雷達(dá)的論文 1、LO 2、header board 3、inductive beams
2008-06-17 10:12:22
646
2
- 有關(guān)機(jī)械液壓方面的英文資料及翻譯，翻譯的字?jǐn)?shù)5000以上！謝謝??！
2011-03-15 06:12:52
469
4
- 這段韓語(yǔ)怎么翻譯
2016-04-07 18:05:24
499
1
- 化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯 不要翻譯工具
- D，L252單取代海因是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)D2氨基酸的重要前體[1～3]。海因酶具有底物特異性，D2海因酶(EC3151212)可轉(zhuǎn)化外消旋的D，L252單取代海因中的D型消旋體成為D2N2氨甲酰氨基酸，剩余的L252單取... D ，L252單取代海因是工業(yè)生產(chǎn) D2氨基酸的重要前體[1～3 ]。海因酶具有底物特異性 ，D2海因酶(EC 3151212)可轉(zhuǎn)化外消旋的D ，L252單取代海因中的D型消旋體成為D2N2氨甲酰氨基酸 ，剩余的L252單取代海因由于完全不被 D2海因酶所作用 ，如圖 1所示 ，先進(jìn)行消旋 ，從而使得 D ，L2海因完全轉(zhuǎn)化為光學(xué)純的 D2N2氨甲酰氨基酸 ，并進(jìn)一步被轉(zhuǎn)化為D2氨基酸。因此 ，52單取代海因的自發(fā)消旋成為L(zhǎng)2或D2N2氨甲酰氨基酸生產(chǎn)中的一個(gè)重要的步驟。若海因的自發(fā)消旋速率遠(yuǎn)低于海因水解酶的水解速率 ，則海因的消旋將成為D2N2氨甲酰氨基酸生產(chǎn)中的一個(gè)限速步驟。目前關(guān)于 52單取代海因的消旋的文獻(xiàn)非常少 ，海因消旋的細(xì)節(jié)問題也沒有被完全揭示。 1 材料與方法 111 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料 L2丙氨酸(國(guó)家生化工程ZX) 、 L2苯丙氨酸(國(guó)家生化工程ZX) 、氰酸鈉(江都化工廠) ，其他試劑為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純?cè)噭?112 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 11211 52取代海因衍生物的制備 采用Henze2Speer法[4～5 ]進(jìn)行52取代海因衍生物的制備: 反應(yīng)溫度為60～80 ℃。反應(yīng)6 h后 ，加入鹽酸酸化 ，繼續(xù)加熱 8 h ，冷卻后過濾得到的固體用酒精和水的混合溶液重結(jié)晶 ，得到無色晶狀目的產(chǎn)物。因使用的氨基酸不同 ，反應(yīng)條件略有變化 ，產(chǎn)率一般為40 %～80 % ，所得的52取代海因具有和底物氨基酸相同的旋光方向。 11212 海因衍生物的消旋 a.精確稱量41000 g L252甲基海因 ，溶解于蒸餾水中 ，定容至250 mL ，測(cè)定其旋光度 ，并以此值為未消旋化的起始數(shù)據(jù)。 b.用 6 mol/ L 的 NaOH溶液調(diào)整海因溶液 pH值達(dá)810 ，90 ℃水浴2 h ，于旋光儀上測(cè)定其旋光度。 c.同 b ，依次調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH值為710、 810、 910 ，分別測(cè)定其旋光度。 d.同 b ，依次于50 ℃水浴中及室溫下恒溫2 h ，分別測(cè)定其旋光度 ，并與起始數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比 ，計(jì)算消旋比 r ( %) :r =αt/α0 ，其中αt 為 t 時(shí)間溶液的旋光度 ，α0為溶液初始旋光度。 11213 海因的堿解 精確稱量41000 g L252甲基海因 ，溶解于蒸餾水中 ，定容至 250 mL ，用 NaOH溶液和鹽酸分別調(diào)至pH = 2、 8、 12 ， 90 ℃水浴反應(yīng)4 h ，中間取樣測(cè)定其N2氨甲酰丙氨酸濃度。 11214 海因的轉(zhuǎn)化 采用012 %的海因溶液 ，按 w (底物)∶ w (菌泥)= 1∶ 5的比例 ，于pH 915 ，溫度40 ℃下進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化。 取樣:取樣10 mL ，加入 5 mL 三停止反應(yīng) ，搖勻 ，放冰箱待測(cè)。 3 結(jié) 論 311 海因的消旋遵循本文所提出的碳負(fù)離子理論 ，其消旋過程為一級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)過程。由海因消旋的半衰期可看出提高溫度和pH對(duì)海因的消旋均有利 ，但pH過高的情況下海因則會(huì)發(fā)生堿解反應(yīng)從而造成損失。 312 本文采用的海因轉(zhuǎn)化酶系中所含為 D2海因酶 ，對(duì)D2海因的轉(zhuǎn)化活性非常高 ，由此可見 ，如若采用的轉(zhuǎn)化體系中沒有消旋酶的存在 ，則海因的消旋成為海因酶轉(zhuǎn)化生產(chǎn)光學(xué)活性氨基酸的一個(gè)限速步驟。 展開
2009-06-08 13:22:45
706
3
- 幫忙翻譯一下化工方面的單詞 英語(yǔ)
- 堿值測(cè)定器試劑移液管錐形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黃溴甲酚綠混合指示劑鹽酸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液摩爾/升酸式滴定管... 堿值 測(cè)定器 試劑 移液管 錐形瓶 酸式滴定管 甲基黃溴甲酚綠混合指示劑 鹽酸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液 摩爾/升 酸式滴定管 展開
2010-01-17 06:38:39
674
5
- 誰能提供一些煤炭質(zhì)量方面的信息
- 煤的熱量灰分揮發(fā)含硫等煤種什么指標(biāo)的煤能干什么用大體價(jià)格現(xiàn)在是多少只有50分希望有個(gè)能好好回答的... 煤的熱量 灰分 揮發(fā) 含硫等 煤種 什么指標(biāo)的煤能干什么用 大體價(jià)格現(xiàn)在是多少 只有50分 希望有個(gè)能好好回答的 展開
2008-07-29 01:59:18
634
1
- 是軟件開發(fā)工程師，這段時(shí)間經(jīng)常加班加點(diǎn)做軟件方面的項(xiàng)目，
- 熬夜了很多次，晚上睡覺也睡不好的，如何解決睡眠質(zhì)量的問題？
2018-07-21 11:26:06
405
1
- 幾個(gè)日語(yǔ)遙控器方面的專業(yè)用語(yǔ) 請(qǐng)達(dá)人們幫忙翻譯一下～ 謝謝哦
- 1.銘板（面貼） 2.紅外發(fā)射管 3.陶瓷諧振器 4.片阻 5.片容 6.插件電阻 7.導(dǎo)電膠 8. 紅膠（邦定用的） 9.黑膠（邦定封膠用的） 10.
2010-01-10 06:10:42
466
3
- 翻譯以下英文：
- The standard error of the mean (SEM) is a measure of how far your sample mean is likely to be from the true population mean. The SEM is calculated by this equation:SEM=SD/N. With large samples， the SEM is always small. By itself， the SEM i... The standard error of the mean (SEM) is a measure of how far your sample mean is likely to be from the true population mean. The SEM is calculated by this equation:SEM=SD/N. With large samples， the SEM is always small. By itself， the SEM is difficult to interpret. It is easier to interpret the 95% confidence interval， which is calculated from the SEM. 展開
2007-11-15 02:56:39
547
3
- 高分求高人翻譯植物化學(xué)英文材料，謝謝
- Review Enzymatic protein hydrolysis plays a major role in various physiological processes， including digestion， and is regulated by proteinase inhibitors. Inhibitors in foods and food ingredients can reduce the absorption of free amino aci... Review Enzymatic protein hydrolysis plays a major role in various physiological processes， including digestion， and is regulated by proteinase inhibitors. Inhibitors in foods and food ingredients can reduce the absorption of free amino acids， and can impair protein hydrolysis in industrial processes. However， inhibitors can be useful tools in pest control， in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as cancers and AIDS， and in the elimination of unwanted proteinase activity in food processes. Proteinase inhibitors are also useful biochemical tools for studying proteinase classes and specificities. This article discusses how proteinase inhibition is involved in some processes of current interest to food scientists and technologists. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis is a major concern for biological scientists. The hydrolysis of proteins is catalyzed by peptide-bond-splitting enzymes (Box 1). Proteinases and peptidases are involved in the hydrolysis of protein during digestion， and have important roles in physiology and pathology. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis is controlled in several ways， including by the use of specific inhibitors (Box 2). Proteinase inhibition is a common process in nature. Proteinase-inhibitor interactions are involved in protein digestion， various physiological processes (e.g. blood coagulation， fibrinolysis， complement activation and phagocytosis)， pathological processes (e.g. cancers and hypertension) and infection Another natural method of controlling proteinase activity is the synthesis of an inactive form of the enzyme， the zymogen. Zymogens are activated， usually by the action of another proteinase， in the digestive system and also during regulatory physiological processes. When an enzyme is in its active form， proteinase inhibition is an exquisite means of enzyme control in physiological processes， which is achieved by highly specific inhibitors. The importance of the control of proteolytic activity by inhibitors in physiological processes is demonstrated by the fact that inhibitor molecules exceed 10% of the total protein in human plasma. The fact that the control of proteolysis by inhibitors is so specific makes it a valuable tool in medicine， agriculture and food technology. The human immune deficiency virus proteinase， the digestive systems of crop pests， and fish muscle proteases are some examples of targets for study. Most organisms produce proteinase inhibitors as a means to control proteolytic processes.Some organisms store huge amounts of inhibitors， for example legume seeds and some leaves. This seems to be an evolutionary response to predation. Inhibitors for digestive proteinases in food and feed Some food ingredients contain so-called antinutritive factors: lectins， phenols， and other factors， including certain proteins that inhibit proteinases. The presence of proteinase inhibitors in living tissues seems to be a natural regulatory process 展開
2008-06-05 11:17:05
420
2
- 化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯 懂的翻譯下 謝謝
- The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was obtained on a Thermo ARL XTRA X-ray diffractometer with Cu K radiation ì 1.54178 ?). In situ XRD characterization was performed n a high-temperature attachment of the X-ray diffractometer. ... The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was obtained on a Thermo ARL XTRA X-ray diffractometer with Cu K radiation ì 1.54178 ?). In situ XRD characterization was performed n a high-temperature attachment of the X-ray diffractometer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation was performed with a JEOL JEM 2010 high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) operated at 200 kV. The UV vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) was obtained from a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 900 UV vis spectroscopy machine. The precursor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT- R) spectroscopy on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum One FT-IR machine by using the KBr pellets method. 展開
2010-03-07 19:15:29
632
2
- 誰能推薦幾本關(guān)于塑料方面的書籍，謝謝
2012-06-27 08:03:59
324
2
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