高手幫忙翻譯！！+100
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虛擬儀器是一種新的測試與測控技術，近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展，基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺系統(tǒng)就是其領域的一個重要分支。本文圍繞基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺有關理論和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷檢測中... 虛擬儀器是一種新的測試與測控技術，近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展，基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺系統(tǒng)就是其領域的一個重要分支。本文圍繞基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺有關理論和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷檢測中的具體應用進行了研究。 針對玻璃瓶這一對象檢測的高精度、高準確度、實時性的特點，本文提出了一種基于LabVIEW的數(shù)字圖像處理檢測方案，并在設計過程中解決了一系列關鍵問題：利用硬件和軟件的編程實現(xiàn)了對玻璃瓶口的缺陷監(jiān)測；使用閾值進行圖像的二值化處理，并進行開啟、閉合以增強圖像質量；使用Vision Builder AI對有故障的圖像進行故障特征識別； 通過理論研究與實驗，證明了本文所提出的玻璃瓶口缺陷監(jiān)測方法是有效和可行的，為其機器視覺檢測的進一步研究和開發(fā)奠定了很好的基礎 請用專業(yè)術語，不要用在線翻譯。謝謝····好可以多加分 展開
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- 潔如愛 2008-06-11 00:00:00
- 樓上的倆 都是英語狂人佩服！
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- Lisa_YeLeaon 2008-06-11 00:00:00
- The hypothesized instrument is one kind of new test and the observation and control technology， in recent years obtained the rapid development， based on the hypothesized instrument machine vision system is an its domain important branch.This article revolved based on the hypothesized instrument machine vision related theory and it has conducted the research in the glass bottle mouth flaw examination concrete application. In view of the glass jar this object examination high accuracy， the high accuracy， the timely characteristic， this article proposed one kind based on the LabVIEW digital image processing examination plan， and has solved a series of key questions in the design process: Has realized using the hardware and the software programming to the glass bottle mouth flaw monitor; The use threshold value carries on the image binaryzation processing， and carries on opening， closes strengthens the picture quality; Uses Vision Builder AI for to have the breakdown image to carry on the breakdown trick recognition; Through the fundamental research and the experiment， had proven this article proposed the glass bottle mouth flaw monitor method is effective and feasible， has laid the very good foundation for its machine vision examination further research and the development
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- izhh77 2008-06-11 00:00:00
- Virtual instrument is a new test and measurement and control technology， have achieved rapid development in recent years， virtual instrument based on the machine vision system is an important area of its branches. This paper-based virtual instruments around the machine vision of the theory and its shortcomings in the mouth bottles detection of specific applications were studied. Bottles for the detection of targets high-precision， high accuracy， real-time features， this paper， a LabVIEW-based digital image processing detection programmes， and in the design process to solve a series of key issues: the use of hardware and software The programming of the bottles I defects monitoring; threshold for the use of images of the value of treatment， and opened， closed to enhance the image quality using the Vision Builder AI image of a failure of the fault identification; Through theoretical study and experiment proved that the paper proposed by the bottle mouth defects monitoring method is effective and feasible， machine vision testing for the further research and development has laid a good foundation
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- 高手幫忙翻譯?。?100
- 虛擬儀器是一種新的測試與測控技術，近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展，基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺系統(tǒng)就是其領域的一個重要分支。本文圍繞基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺有關理論和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷檢測中... 虛擬儀器是一種新的測試與測控技術，近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展，基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺系統(tǒng)就是其領域的一個重要分支。本文圍繞基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺有關理論和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷檢測中的具體應用進行了研究。 針對玻璃瓶這一對象檢測的高精度、高準確度、實時性的特點，本文提出了一種基于LabVIEW的數(shù)字圖像處理檢測方案，并在設計過程中解決了一系列關鍵問題：利用硬件和軟件的編程實現(xiàn)了對玻璃瓶口的缺陷監(jiān)測；使用閾值進行圖像的二值化處理，并進行開啟、閉合以增強圖像質量；使用Vision Builder AI對有故障的圖像進行故障特征識別； 通過理論研究與實驗，證明了本文所提出的玻璃瓶口缺陷監(jiān)測方法是有效和可行的，為其機器視覺檢測的進一步研究和開發(fā)奠定了很好的基礎 請用專業(yè)術語，不要用在線翻譯。謝謝····好可以多加分 展開
2008-06-10 11:03:29
488
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- 英語高手幫忙翻譯一下
- ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展開
2009-09-17 10:19:02
583
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- 50分！高手幫忙翻譯一下
- LabVIEWisapowerfulandcomplexprogrammingenvironment.LabVIEWisshortforLaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench.Itisapowerfulandflexibleinstrumentationandanalysissoft... LabVIEW is a powerful and complex programming environment. LabVIEW is short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a powerful and flexible instrumentation and analysis software development application created by the folks at National Instruments—a company that creates hardware and software products that leverage computer technology to help engineers and scientists take measurements， control processes， and analyze and storem data. National Instruments was founded over twenty-five years ago in Austin， Texas by James Truchard (known as Dr. T)， Jeffrey Kodosky， and William Nowlin. At the time， all three men were working on sonar applications for the U.S. Navy at the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin. Searching for a way to connect test equipment to DEC PDP-11 computers， Dr. T decided to develop an interface bus. He recruited Jeff and Bill to join him in his endeavor， and together they successfully developed LabVIEW and the notion of a “virtual instrument.” In the process they managed to infuse their new company—National Instruments—with an entrepreneurial spirit that still pervades the company today. Engineers and scientists in research， development， production， test， and service industries as diverse as automotive， semiconductor， aerospace， electronics， chemical， telecommunications， and pharmaceutical have used and continue touse LabVIEW to support their work. LabVIEW is a major player in the area of testing and measurements， industrial automation， and data analysis. For example， scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used LabVIEW to analyze and display Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover engineering data， including the position and temperature of the rover， how much power remained in the rover’s battery， and generally to monitor Sojourner’s overall health. LabVIEW provides an extensive library of virtual instruments and functions to help you in your programming. It includes conventional program debugging tools with which you can set breakpoints， single-step through the program， and animate the execution so you can observe the flow of data. 畢業(yè)設計急用，望高手幫忙翻譯一下 展開
2007-06-12 15:44:11
685
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- 請高手幫忙翻譯一下 3
- 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展開
2018-11-22 17:49:22
328
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- 英語高手幫忙翻譯段英文 謝謝??！
- In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more ef?cient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signi?cant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation ef?ciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puri?cation of azo dyes ef?uents an issue of major technological importance. 展開
2011-05-06 19:00:45
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- 跪求高手猛人幫忙翻譯?。。。〖?
- 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析 梨是全世界一個重要的，分布廣泛的果樹。栽培面積大，歷史悠久。梨也是配子體自交不親和的代表植物之一。S基因是影響植物自交不親和的關鍵基因，現(xiàn)在世界上共發(fā)現(xiàn)了？個S等位基因，對植物自交不親和機理的研究起著非常重要的... 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析 梨是全世界一個重要的，分布廣泛的果樹。栽培面積大，歷史悠久。梨也是配子體自交不親和的代表植物之一。S基因是影響植物自交不親和的關鍵基因，現(xiàn)在世界上共發(fā)現(xiàn)了？個S等位基因，對植物自交不親和機理的研究起著非常重要的作用。 本實驗從？梨雌蕊中提取總RNA，然后運用RT-PCR，RACE等技術來獲取S15基因的cDNA全長，并用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳，核酸蛋白儀，套式PCE，質?？寺?，目的基因測序以及生物信息學軟件來檢測，分析提取RNA的質量。實驗結果得到了高質量的RNA以及S15基因cDNA全長。 展開
2007-05-30 15:31:02
454
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- 請高手幫忙翻譯化學名詞，急需~~~~
- 以下的技術指標用語都是關于PVC顆粒的，請知道的幫忙準確地翻譯~~~謝謝VICATPOINTHARDNESSTENSILESTRENGTHYIELDPOINTELONGATIONATBREAKFLEXURALMODULUSIMPACTSTRENGTHINFLAMMABILITYA... 以下的技術指標用語都是關于PVC顆粒的，請知道的幫忙準確地翻譯~~~謝謝 VICAT POINT HARDNESS TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT ELONGATION AT BREAK FLEXURAL MODULUS IMPACT STRENGTH INFLAMMABILITY AV.A.P. IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER VOLATILES（INCL WATER） BULK DENSITY SIEVE RATIO “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 展開
2007-03-13 04:50:47
505
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- 英文高手幫忙翻譯一下 壓力容器方面
- 公司接到一個壓力容器圖紙是英文版的想知道其中的一些意思，原文如下：一TECHNICALDATA:1.MAXIMUMALLOWABLEPRESSURE7.0BAR2.WORKINGPRESSURE5.5+/-1.0BAR3.TESTPRESSURE10.0BAR4.MAXI... 公司接到一個壓力容器圖紙 是英文版的 想知道其中的一些意思，原文如下： 一 TECHNICAL DATA: 1.MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE 7.0BAR 2.WORKING PRESSURE 5.5+/-1.0BAR 3.TEST PRESSURE 10.0BAR 4.MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 70℃ 5.MINIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 0℃ 6.FLUID PREFILL（ISO VG46-HLP） 7.CORROSION ALLOWABLE 2mm 8.VOLUME 38.00L 二 TECHNICAL ACCEPTANCE: 1.CHINA DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 2.CONFORITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE REPORTS 3.BILL OF MATERIALS 4.INSPECTION DOCUMENTS AND CERTIFICATES FOR USED MATERIALS 5.WELDING MAP 6.LIST OF WELDERS AND THEIR QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATES 7.NDE EXAMINATION REPORTS 8.VT AND MEASUREMENT REPORTS 9.PAINT: EXTERNAL:BLUE RAL 5015 SEMI-GLOSS FINISH INTERNAL:USE SUNCORITE 528 BY HENKEL METAL CHEMICALS TO TREAT INTERNAL SURFACE OF TANK 10.PAINT REPORT 11.TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION AND OPERAING MANUAL 三 NOTES: 1.ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETER UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.GASKET CONTACK SURFACE OF ALL FLANGES SHALL BE FINISHED WITH 125-250 AARH. 3.INTERNAL WELD SURFACE OF INSTRUMENT NOZZLE TO BE FULLY FLUSHED. 4.PAINT INSIADE AND OUT PER OILGEAR STANDAR SOP-U-002. 5.TATAL WEIGHT OF UNIT ASSEMBLY IS 32，900LB[14，900kg]. 6.DIMENSIONS IN MM. 展開
2010-07-15 11:42:12
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- 請高手高手高高手幫忙翻譯下面的設備名稱
- 請幫忙翻譯下：謝謝！斑點酶解系統(tǒng)自動斑點切取系統(tǒng)蛋白純化系統(tǒng)基因芯片掃描系統(tǒng)二維電泳梯度膠制備系統(tǒng)全自動電泳儀多通道懸液芯片系統(tǒng)體內(nèi)可見光成像系統(tǒng)如果您翻譯的十分準確，我... 請幫忙翻譯下：謝謝！ 斑點酶解系統(tǒng) 自動斑點切取系統(tǒng) 蛋白純化系統(tǒng) 基因芯片掃描系統(tǒng) 二維電泳梯度膠制備系統(tǒng) 全自動電泳儀 多通道懸液芯片系統(tǒng) 體內(nèi)可見光成像系統(tǒng) 如果您翻譯的十分準確，我將再加Z高分（好像是100分）。 我要英文，謝謝！ 展開
2009-07-21 06:02:17
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- 高分請高手幫忙翻譯英文文獻資料（4）
- Whenliquidisheateditevaporates.Theevaporationprocessisdependentonpressure，temperatureandcompositionoftheliquidandgas.Gascanalsocondense.Inadditionthereisaconvectiveheattr... When liquid is heated it evaporates. The evaporation process is dependent on pressure， temperature and composition of the liquid and gas. Gas can also condense. In addition there is a convective heat transfer between the liquid and gas zone that must be considered. The surfaces in the gas zone also radiates from the shell to the liquid. During the blowdown process mass is usually evacuated from the gas zone， but also liquid might be released. The rate of release is dependent on density and pressure as well as the release area. As pressure and temperature change， the properties of all materials change. This has to be considered in a prediction of a blowdown process. The main purpose of a blowdown process is as earlier stated to maintain integrity of the equipment. The strength properties of the shell are the key factor on that matter. The strength is dependent on the inside pressure as well as the support forces. If the exposing forces produce stress that exceeds the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) in some regions， the integrity of the equipment is no longer maintained. In the design phase of a process plant， these aspects are crucial and must be included as a dimensional factor. For that reason prediction of the blowdown process is essential. Lately some new standards has been introduced to the industry on this matter [3] and [4]. VessFire [1] and [2] is a multi physics system designed for calculation of this kind of problems. It has been applied for some time in the oil and process industry on many projects. The system satisfies the requirements for predictions outlined in [3] and [4]. It includes all aspects described above including integrity of the shell. As part of the verification process some experiments where performed. Some of the experiments are presented here. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the evaporation process and the heat transfer to the liquid and vapour. In a complex system it is important to reduce unknown parameters as far as possible. Exposure from a flame is difficult to control. Flux measurements are point values and not necessarily representative for the average exposure. In order to control the heat exposure it was decided to apply an electric heating system. The system and the verification of the system is described in [5]， [6] and [8]. The furnace was built inside a supporting tube. Figure 2 shows a general arrangement of the experimental outfit. A 0.05 mm stainless steel foil formed as a tube， 300 mm in diameter， generated the heat. The power supply was based on a 3-phase alternating current system giving 48 Volt output as maximum. The top exposure had a limit of 300 kW. The foil had a surface of about 1 m2， giving a heat flux up to 300 kW/m2. The power input could be continuously regulated from zero to maximum load. Each experiment was started from zero and brought up to the required load within a few seconds. After that the surface temperature of the heating foil was kept constant during the exposure period. Experiments with both dry objects as well as water filled object were performed. In this paper only water filled experiments are presented Figure 2 General arrangements drawing of the experimental furnace including the specimen and its support Figure 3 Illustration of the heating unit. The black part is copper conductors for the foil. The grey part is the heating foil exposing the specimen. The foil is equipped with thermo-elements all marked H， except H5 which is the temperature in a copper ring and H6 which is the temperature between the insulation and the supporting tube. 展開
2009-03-12 04:13:30
537
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- 做質譜的高手幫忙翻譯一下
- 下面是做氣相質譜給出的參數(shù)，用的機子是：珀金埃爾默（perkinElmer）Clarus500GC/MS。拜托各位幫忙翻譯一下，謝謝Inst()ACQUISITIONPARAMETERSOven:Initialtemp35°Cfor2min，ramp10°... 下面是做氣相質譜給出的參數(shù)， 用的機子是：珀金埃爾默（perkin Elmer）Clarus 500 GC/MS。 拜托各位幫忙翻譯一下，謝謝 Inst() ACQUISITION PARAMETERS Oven: Initial temp 35°C for 2 min， ramp 10°C/min to 150°C， hold 2.50 min， InjAauto=150°C， Volume=0 μL， Split=35:1， Carrier Gas=He， Solvent Delay=0.10 min， Transfer Temp=280°C， Source Temp=260°C， Scan: 5 to 300Da， Column 30.0m x 250μm 展開
2008-10-25 00:03:10
714
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- 有英語高手或者會labview的高手幫忙翻譯下
- LabVIEW就是基于虛擬儀器的開發(fā)環(huán)境，本文闡述了基于虛擬儀器技術在阻抗參數(shù)測量中的應用，根據(jù)電子測量的基本原理、計算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有語言—G語言—對被測對象進行... LabVIEW就是基于虛擬儀器的開發(fā)環(huán)境，本文闡述了基于虛擬儀器技術在阻抗參數(shù)測量中的應用，根據(jù)電子測量的基本原理、計算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有語言—G語言—對被測對象進行程序編譯、運行、修改并Z終顯示運行結果 有高手幫忙翻譯下 展開
2009-06-12 22:57:18
375
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- 幫忙翻譯
- AttachingtheSampleChuckYouwillneeda#2Phillipsscrewdriverforthisstep.FollowingthedetailsshowninFig.2-4，installthesamplechuckbyfirstaligningthepinsonthebottomofthesamplechu... Attaching the Sample Chuck You will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver for this step. Following the details shown in Fig. 2-4， install the sample chuck by first aligning the pins on the bottom of the sample chuck with the receptacles on the alpha- SE base. Then tighten the upper two captive thumb screws. Next， use the Phillips screwdriver to tighten the lower two captive screws. Don’t over tighten the screws! It will make it difficult to remove them in the future; just ensure that the screws are snug. Finally， connect the vacuum line from the sample chuck to the vacuum fitting on the alpha-SE base. Releasing the Z-stage Shipping Lock To access the Z-stage shipping lock， first loosen the captive screw on the lamp/shipping lock access door， then open the access door by rotating 180°， as shown in Fig. 2-5. To release the Z-stage shipping lock， stand in front of the ellipsometer and use your left hand to balance the weight of the Z-stage (you will feel it lift up slightly). It will be difficult to release the shipping lock if you apply too much or not enough upward force. Next， use your right hand to move the shipping lock to the operating position (to the right， see Fig. 2-6). If the lock is hard to move， you can use a tool to gain more leverage. The shipping lock will move about 1/3” [8mm] to the right. Checking the Lamp Check that the QTH lamp in fully seated in the lamp housing. The lamp is located behind the actuator screw (see Fig. 2-6) and has two white wires protruding from the back of the lamp. Simply push down on the lamp ensuring that the lamp is fully seated in the lamp housing. Rotate the lamp/shipping lock access door to the closed position and hand tighten the captive screw. 拒絕翻譯軟件，翻譯軟件我自己也會用 不是用翻譯軟件我就看不懂，只是，上來找人翻譯就是希望翻譯出比較容易看懂，不需要自己對照就可以看的說明書，如果用翻譯軟件，根本就詞不達意，還是要自己對著原文件核實 既然用了那么多積分，就希望有相當?shù)某晒绻梅g軟件混積分，那就是人品問題了 還有，某些人不要不懂亂說混積分 展開
2008-06-22 15:11:54
649
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- 那位高手幫忙翻譯下段英文，灰常感謝。
- 1.8 Block Diagram Reduction The discussion of Section 1.7 appears to imply that if the transfer function relating input r and output c in block diagram， such as Fig .1.1 is desired， a differential equation relating these two variables must... 1.8 Block Diagram Reduction The discussion of Section 1.7 appears to imply that if the transfer function relating input r and output c in block diagram， such as Fig .1.1 is desired， a differential equation relating these two variables must be obtained first. Fortunately ， this is not necessary. The transfer function can be derived instead by certain algebraic manipulations of those of the subsystems or blocks. Some examples will show this block diagram reduction technique and provide some useful results. Example 1.8.3 The configuration in Fig.1.5(a)，which includes a minor feedback loop， is very common in servomechanisms . Derivation of C/R by the approach of Example 1.8.2 would be laborious ，but become simple if the result in(1.33) is used. It is applied first to reduce the minor feedback loop C/M to a single block ， as shown in Fig.1.5(b). but (1.33) applies again to this new loop and now yields the closed-loop transfer function. Example 1.8.4 In a tow-input system， the additional input D often represents a dis-turbance ， such as a supply pressure variation in the level control example in Section 1.3 . With the additional block L ， the diagram models the effect of the disturbance on the system. For linear systems the principle of superposition applies， and the total output is the sum of the outputs due to each input separately. Thus the out-put due to R is found as before， and while finding that due to D， R is put equal to zero. The rule of Example 1.8.2 applies when finding the response to D， but note that the product of G2. Note also that for R=0 the minus sign for the feedback at R can be moved to the summing junction for D. Inspection now yields. Example 1.8.5 In fig.1.6 the two feedback loops interfere with each other. The rearrangements (a) and (b) are alternative first steps to make the result in (1.33) again applicable . Verify that neither changes the system， and that applying (1.33) twice to (a) or (b) yields the closed-loop transfer function. 1.9 Conclusion In this chapter a general introduction has been given first， including physical discussion of some fundamental features of control system behavior. A level control example led to a common block diagram configuration. Laplace transforms led to the transfer function description of dynamic behavior， and block diagram reduction to the description of an interconnected system of blocks. The application of transfer functions and transforms and transforms to calculation of the response c(t) to an input r(t) and initial conditions has been demonstrated for cases where the roots of the denominator of the transform C(s) are real and distinct. This provides a framework and motivation for study of the next chapter， and a basis for detailed discussion of transient response in Chapter 3. It also allows for an introductory examination of some of the effects of feedback in the problems below. 展開
2012-02-22 06:47:13
498
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- 高手幫忙翻譯一工科英文?。「叻执笾x！
- Figure 2 SEM micrographs of worn seat insert surface of engine #6175 after 1474 hours of testing. The arrows and labels indicate the locations of EDX analysis. The same adhesion phenomenon occurs on the valve seat surfaces. Figure 4 show... Figure 2 SEM micrographs of worn seat insert surface of engine #6175 after 1474 hours of testing. The arrows and labels indicate the locations of EDX analysis. The same adhesion phenomenon occurs on the valve seat surfaces. Figure 4 shows SEM micrographs of the worn exhaust valve seat surface of engine #6175 after 1474 hours of testing. The valve material is Stellite 6 faced 23-8N (solution treated and aged). The arrows in Figure 4b indicate the locations of EDX analysis. Note the pits and deposits on the worn seat surface. Figures 5a shows the EDX spectrum of spot A on Figure 4b showing adhered insert material. Note molybdenum and manganese in the spectrum. Figure 5b shows the EDX spectrum of spot B in Figure 4b showing both adhered insert material and oil deposits. Note molybdenum.， phosphorous， chlorine， calcium， and zinc in the spectrum. Other valves from different engines labeled as "adhesion" in Table 2 share this typical adhesive phenomenon. The adhesive wear mode appears to predominate at valve seat interfaces with high asperity contact stresses or high combustion pressure. The surface roughness can contribute to adhesion significantly. Valves faced with Stellite alloy show less adhesive wear than unfaced valves， Table 2. The presence of high melting point phases， such as carbide or ceramic compounds in the contacting materials is believed to help prevent microwelding or adhesion related wear. Shear strain， also known as radial flow， is defined as the first derivative of the displacement， i.e.， . Figure 6 [8]. Shear strain controlled wear can characterized as a surface plastic deformation process. The wear is the result of the shear strain on the seat surface exceeding the plasticity limit of the material. The material is then detached or delaminated from the seating surface as wear particles. The typical appearance of shear strain controlled wear are ridges and/or radial flow of material on valve seats and inserts. Shear strain controlled wear sometimes is associated with adhesion. 展開
2009-02-19 16:10:31
425
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- 幫忙翻譯一句話
- Catalysts were prepared by pore volume impregnation of ?-alumina
2008-05-28 15:55:47
272
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- 幫忙翻譯2
- 3.6. Advantages of chromia as promoter in copper-based Catalysts It should also be noted from Figs. 5 and 6 that in the steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications， trace quantities (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on Cu... 3.6. Advantages of chromia as promoter in copper-based Catalysts It should also be noted from Figs. 5 and 6 that in the steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications， trace quantities (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on Cu not only doubled the activity for the MSR but also halved the amount of CO formed， thereby enhancing H2 production. This improved selectivity reduces the problem of H2 separation from the reaction products in fuel cell applications. An important finding in this research is the role that very small amounts of Cr2O3 play in all the reactions investigated， namely， methanol synthesis， water gas shift and methanol steam reforming. In commercial co-precipitatedcopper-based methanol synthesis catalysts， copper is known to be the active component [3]. More recently， it has becomeestablished that ZnO promotes methanol synthesis and that surface species formed by Cu-ZnO interaction are responsible for methanol synthesis [42]. The role of Cr2O3 in commercial catalysts is thought to be similar to that of Al2O3， which is to act as stabilizer of the structure of the copper catalyst， thereby reducing sintering. In this study， as in a previous one [18] using a different technique todeposit chromia on the surface of skeletal copper， we have shown that Cr2O3 has a significant role in copper-based methanol synthesis from CO2. That role is to improve the methanol yield by reducing the RWGS reaction (Fig. 3) aswas observed in the earlier study [18]. A major finding of this study has been the very strong evidence the Cr2O3 has a synergistic effect on the activity of copper for methanol synthesis， methanol steam reforming and the water gas shift reactions. From Figs. 4 and 5 it can be seen that 0.85 wt.% Cr2O3 enhances the specific activity (mol/hm2 Cu) of skeletal copper 270% for the WGS and 150% for methanol steam reforming. In the case of methanol synthesis (Fig. 2) 0.61 wt.% Cr2O3 increases the specific activity of copper by 67%. The results for the WGS and MS reactions are similar to those obtained under the same reaction conditions using skeletal copper promoted by Cr2O3 which was deposited from sodium chromate in the caustic leach liquor [28]. In that study， the effect of chromia was more pronounced， with an increase in activity of 950% for theWGSand 168% for the MSR reaction， respectively， using skeletal copper containing 0.75 wt.% Cr2O3. For methanol synthesis over Cr2O3 promoted skeletal copperprepared using sodium chromate in the leach liquor， Ma et al. [18] observed no increase in the specific activity of copper. 展開
2006-06-03 16:46:44
580
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