請高手幫忙翻譯化學名詞，急需~~~~
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以下的技術指標用語都是關于PVC顆粒的，請知道的幫忙準確地翻譯~~~謝謝VICATPOINTHARDNESSTENSILESTRENGTHYIELDPOINTELONGATIONATBREAKFLEXURALMODULUSIMPACTSTRENGTHINFLAMMABILITYA... 以下的技術指標用語都是關于PVC顆粒的，請知道的幫忙準確地翻譯~~~謝謝 VICAT POINT HARDNESS TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT ELONGATION AT BREAK FLEXURAL MODULUS IMPACT STRENGTH INFLAMMABILITY AV.A.P. IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER VOLATILES（INCL WATER） BULK DENSITY SIEVE RATIO “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 展開
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- in淡紫色的回憶 2007-03-14 00:00:00
- VICAT POINT 維卡指數(shù) HARDNESS 硬度 TENSILE STRENGTH 抗張強度 YIELD POINT 延伸度 ELONGATION AT BREAK 斷裂伸長 FLEXURAL MODULUS 彎曲模量 IMPACT STRENGTH 沖擊強度 INFLAMMABILITY 易燃性 AV. av.=average 平均的 A.P. A.P.=analytically pure 分析純 IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER 混合顆粒數(shù)量 VOLATILES（INCL WATER） 揮發(fā)物（含水） BULK DENSITY 容積密度， 單位容積重量 SIEVE RATIO 篩比 “FISH EYE”NUMBER 白點 UNIT/400c㎡ 單位/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 殘留的氯乙烯百萬分率
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- 極品の飛豬 2007-03-14 00:00:00
- VICAT POINT 維卡點 HARDNESS 硬度 TENSILE STRENGTH 抗拉力 YIELD POINT 屈服點 ELONGATION AT BREAK 斷裂點延長率 FLEXURAL MODULUS 撓曲模量 IMPACT STRENGTH 沖擊強度 INFLAMMABILITY 可燃性 IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER 雜質顆粒數(shù) VOLATILES（INCL WATER） 揮發(fā)量[含水] BULK DENSITY [塊密度] SIEVE RATIO 篩比 “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ “魚眼”數(shù) 個/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 氯乙烯單體殘留濃度 單位：ppm AV.A.P. 這個不清楚，應該不用翻譯的
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- 沒淚怎哭 2007-03-14 00:00:00
- VICAT POINT 維卡軟化點 HARDNESS 硬度 TENSILE STRENGTH 抗張強度 YIELD POINT 屈服點 ELONGATION AT BREAK 斷裂時拉伸 FLEXURAL MODULUS 撓曲模量 IMPACT STRENGTH 沖擊強度 INFLAMMABILITY 可燃性 AV.A.P. 脈管順應性 IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER 不純顆粒數(shù) VOLATILES（INCL WATER）揮發(fā)物(包括水) BULK DENSITY 體積密度 sieve ratio 篩比 “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ "白點"數(shù)量 單位/400cm2 RESIDUAL VCM PPM 殘余氯乙烯單體 百萬分率 雖然我全知全能， 但我好辛苦!
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熱門問答
- 請高手幫忙翻譯化學名詞，急需~~~~
- 以下的技術指標用語都是關于PVC顆粒的，請知道的幫忙準確地翻譯~~~謝謝VICATPOINTHARDNESSTENSILESTRENGTHYIELDPOINTELONGATIONATBREAKFLEXURALMODULUSIMPACTSTRENGTHINFLAMMABILITYA... 以下的技術指標用語都是關于PVC顆粒的，請知道的幫忙準確地翻譯~~~謝謝 VICAT POINT HARDNESS TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT ELONGATION AT BREAK FLEXURAL MODULUS IMPACT STRENGTH INFLAMMABILITY AV.A.P. IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER VOLATILES（INCL WATER） BULK DENSITY SIEVE RATIO “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 展開
2007-03-13 04:50:47
505
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- 請高手幫忙翻譯一下 3
- 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展開
2018-11-22 17:49:22
328
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- 請高手高手高高手幫忙翻譯下面的設備名稱
- 請幫忙翻譯下：謝謝！斑點酶解系統(tǒng)自動斑點切取系統(tǒng)蛋白純化系統(tǒng)基因芯片掃描系統(tǒng)二維電泳梯度膠制備系統(tǒng)全自動電泳儀多通道懸液芯片系統(tǒng)體內(nèi)可見光成像系統(tǒng)如果您翻譯的十分準確，我... 請幫忙翻譯下：謝謝！ 斑點酶解系統(tǒng) 自動斑點切取系統(tǒng) 蛋白純化系統(tǒng) 基因芯片掃描系統(tǒng) 二維電泳梯度膠制備系統(tǒng) 全自動電泳儀 多通道懸液芯片系統(tǒng) 體內(nèi)可見光成像系統(tǒng) 如果您翻譯的十分準確，我將再加Z高分（好像是100分）。 我要英文，謝謝！ 展開
2009-07-21 06:02:17
773
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- 高分請高手幫忙翻譯英文文獻資料（4）
- Whenliquidisheateditevaporates.Theevaporationprocessisdependentonpressure，temperatureandcompositionoftheliquidandgas.Gascanalsocondense.Inadditionthereisaconvectiveheattr... When liquid is heated it evaporates. The evaporation process is dependent on pressure， temperature and composition of the liquid and gas. Gas can also condense. In addition there is a convective heat transfer between the liquid and gas zone that must be considered. The surfaces in the gas zone also radiates from the shell to the liquid. During the blowdown process mass is usually evacuated from the gas zone， but also liquid might be released. The rate of release is dependent on density and pressure as well as the release area. As pressure and temperature change， the properties of all materials change. This has to be considered in a prediction of a blowdown process. The main purpose of a blowdown process is as earlier stated to maintain integrity of the equipment. The strength properties of the shell are the key factor on that matter. The strength is dependent on the inside pressure as well as the support forces. If the exposing forces produce stress that exceeds the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) in some regions， the integrity of the equipment is no longer maintained. In the design phase of a process plant， these aspects are crucial and must be included as a dimensional factor. For that reason prediction of the blowdown process is essential. Lately some new standards has been introduced to the industry on this matter [3] and [4]. VessFire [1] and [2] is a multi physics system designed for calculation of this kind of problems. It has been applied for some time in the oil and process industry on many projects. The system satisfies the requirements for predictions outlined in [3] and [4]. It includes all aspects described above including integrity of the shell. As part of the verification process some experiments where performed. Some of the experiments are presented here. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the evaporation process and the heat transfer to the liquid and vapour. In a complex system it is important to reduce unknown parameters as far as possible. Exposure from a flame is difficult to control. Flux measurements are point values and not necessarily representative for the average exposure. In order to control the heat exposure it was decided to apply an electric heating system. The system and the verification of the system is described in [5]， [6] and [8]. The furnace was built inside a supporting tube. Figure 2 shows a general arrangement of the experimental outfit. A 0.05 mm stainless steel foil formed as a tube， 300 mm in diameter， generated the heat. The power supply was based on a 3-phase alternating current system giving 48 Volt output as maximum. The top exposure had a limit of 300 kW. The foil had a surface of about 1 m2， giving a heat flux up to 300 kW/m2. The power input could be continuously regulated from zero to maximum load. Each experiment was started from zero and brought up to the required load within a few seconds. After that the surface temperature of the heating foil was kept constant during the exposure period. Experiments with both dry objects as well as water filled object were performed. In this paper only water filled experiments are presented Figure 2 General arrangements drawing of the experimental furnace including the specimen and its support Figure 3 Illustration of the heating unit. The black part is copper conductors for the foil. The grey part is the heating foil exposing the specimen. The foil is equipped with thermo-elements all marked H， except H5 which is the temperature in a copper ring and H6 which is the temperature between the insulation and the supporting tube. 展開
2009-03-12 04:13:30
537
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- 高手幫忙翻譯！！+100
- 虛擬儀器是一種新的測試與測控技術，近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展，基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺系統(tǒng)就是其領域的一個重要分支。本文圍繞基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺有關理論和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷檢測中... 虛擬儀器是一種新的測試與測控技術，近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展，基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺系統(tǒng)就是其領域的一個重要分支。本文圍繞基于虛擬儀器的機器視覺有關理論和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷檢測中的具體應用進行了研究。 針對玻璃瓶這一對象檢測的高精度、高準確度、實時性的特點，本文提出了一種基于LabVIEW的數(shù)字圖像處理檢測方案，并在設計過程中解決了一系列關鍵問題：利用硬件和軟件的編程實現(xiàn)了對玻璃瓶口的缺陷監(jiān)測；使用閾值進行圖像的二值化處理，并進行開啟、閉合以增強圖像質量；使用Vision Builder AI對有故障的圖像進行故障特征識別； 通過理論研究與實驗，證明了本文所提出的玻璃瓶口缺陷監(jiān)測方法是有效和可行的，為其機器視覺檢測的進一步研究和開發(fā)奠定了很好的基礎 請用專業(yè)術語，不要用在線翻譯。謝謝····好可以多加分 展開
2008-06-10 11:03:29
488
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- 英語高手幫忙翻譯一下
- ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展開
2009-09-17 10:19:02
583
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- 50分！高手幫忙翻譯一下
- LabVIEWisapowerfulandcomplexprogrammingenvironment.LabVIEWisshortforLaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench.Itisapowerfulandflexibleinstrumentationandanalysissoft... LabVIEW is a powerful and complex programming environment. LabVIEW is short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a powerful and flexible instrumentation and analysis software development application created by the folks at National Instruments—a company that creates hardware and software products that leverage computer technology to help engineers and scientists take measurements， control processes， and analyze and storem data. National Instruments was founded over twenty-five years ago in Austin， Texas by James Truchard (known as Dr. T)， Jeffrey Kodosky， and William Nowlin. At the time， all three men were working on sonar applications for the U.S. Navy at the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin. Searching for a way to connect test equipment to DEC PDP-11 computers， Dr. T decided to develop an interface bus. He recruited Jeff and Bill to join him in his endeavor， and together they successfully developed LabVIEW and the notion of a “virtual instrument.” In the process they managed to infuse their new company—National Instruments—with an entrepreneurial spirit that still pervades the company today. Engineers and scientists in research， development， production， test， and service industries as diverse as automotive， semiconductor， aerospace， electronics， chemical， telecommunications， and pharmaceutical have used and continue touse LabVIEW to support their work. LabVIEW is a major player in the area of testing and measurements， industrial automation， and data analysis. For example， scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used LabVIEW to analyze and display Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover engineering data， including the position and temperature of the rover， how much power remained in the rover’s battery， and generally to monitor Sojourner’s overall health. LabVIEW provides an extensive library of virtual instruments and functions to help you in your programming. It includes conventional program debugging tools with which you can set breakpoints， single-step through the program， and animate the execution so you can observe the flow of data. 畢業(yè)設計急用，望高手幫忙翻譯一下 展開
2007-06-12 15:44:11
685
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- 請高手幫忙翻譯翻譯啊，通順即可，完全用翻譯器的請繞道~謝謝~~
- Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System Yield Phenomenon and Pipeline Restart. Yield stress is the threshold stress required to initiate ?ow of a viscoplastic ?... Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System Yield Phenomenon and Pipeline Restart. Yield stress is the threshold stress required to initiate ?ow of a viscoplastic ? uid. Waxy crude-oil gels are viscoplastic in nature and exhibit time-dependent Bingham plastic ?ow behavior during restart under imposed constant pumping pressure. The yielding process of a gel is a complicated process， and different models have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Wardhaugh and Boger (1991) defined yield stress as the “shear stress at which the gelled oil ceases to behave as a Hookean solid.” Chang et al. (1998) adopted a three-yield stress concept: elastic limit (which defines the onset of viscoelastic creep)， static (where fracture occurs)， and dynamic yield stress (which describes the broken down structure after yielding). Among these three， only the static yield stress is used to design the restart pump for initiation of flow after shut-in. Several types of apparatus and different techniques (direct and indirect) have been used for determining the yield stress. The results obtained and conclusions regarding their validity and usefulness differ widely. Setups used are capillary U-tubes， large pilot pipeline facilities， lab-scale model pipelines， controlled-stress or -shear rotational rheometry experiments (CSR). The capillary tube and pilot-scale pipeline measurement tech-niques have been criticized as being unsuitable for understanding the yielding behavior of statically cooled waxy crude oils because of nonlinear pressure distribution， pipe compressibility effects， porosity of wax structure， and contraction effects (Wardhaugh and Boger 1991). However， the authors added that an exception to their conclusion was the work by Ronningsen (1992)， where reasonable estimates of the yield stress as compared to model pipeline results were obtained with a constant stress rheometer. Recently， Lee et al. (2007) also reported the consistency between the concentric rheometer and a model pipeline system. In fact， model pipeline test is the most common laboratory method resorted to in gel strength measurement because of its geometrical resemblance to the real pipeline. In such tests， gel is formed under controlled conditions (cooling rate， aging temperature， etc.) and pressure is then slowly applied on one end of the gel until flow is observed. The gel strength (τ) is then calculated by: 公式1 展開
2012-05-03 00:39:39
459
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- 請幫忙翻譯一下，拜托
- A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF... A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF aqueous solution. SEM and XRD results showed that Ni(OH)2 particles were well distributed on high density， well-ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays. The photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode were investigated in NaHCO3/NaOH buffer solution (pH 10) by means of UV–vis absorption spectra， cyclic voltammogram (CV) and photocurrent measurements. It was found that the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode was highly sensitive to light and exhibited excellent photoelectrochromic properties. Upon UV irradiation， the photogenerated holes by TiO2 nanotube arrays can oxidize Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH， and thus the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode can be photo-charged by light。1. Introduction Among many visible light photocatalysts， TiO2nanostructures have attracted much attention due to high photocatalytic activ-ity， nontoxicity， chemical stability and huge potential applications [1–6]. The TiO2 nanotube array is one of most attention-getting TiO2nanostructures because of large surface area and outstanding charge transport properties. TiO2nanotube arrays can be utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells[7–9]， photocatalysis and hydrogen gas sensing [10]. So far， a variety of methods have been attempted to prepare TiO2 nanotube arrays， such as hydrothermal synthe-sis[11]， Langmuir–Blodgett technique [12]， solution casting [13] and anodization technique[10，14]， etc. Among these methods， the anodization technique has many advantages of low cost， low tem-perature and easy to be scaled up to large-area preparation. Recently， anewkindof photo-functional systemwith theenergy storage ability has been developed by coupling TiO2 photosen-sitive electrode with energy storage materials. In Takahashi and Tatsuma’swork[15]，aTiO2/Ni(OH)2bilayer thinfilmwas suggested for the oxidative energy storage. In this case， a redox-activep-type semiconductor Ni(OH)2is coupled withn-type TiO2photocatalyst to formap–njunction，WhenTiO2is illuminatedby light， holesgen-erated at the junction are separated from excited electrons， trans-ported into the bulk of Ni(OH)2and oxidized Ni(OH)2to NiOOH. Therefore， the oxidative energy storage system was constructed 展開
2012-11-13 20:08:52
530
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- 翻譯翻譯，請高手幫我翻譯一下這個說明
- Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展開
2008-06-22 06:30:36
888
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- 請各位高手幫忙翻譯一下專有名詞: 針規(guī)， 推拉力計 不勝感激
2006-12-29 15:15:48
388
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- 烘箱溫度控制高手請幫忙！?。?！
- 有聽說過一種通過控制加熱功率的百分比輸出來控制烘箱溫度的方法！請問是使用壽命儀表或者元件來實現(xiàn)的?。。。∏蟾呤謳兔?！或者有沒有其他方法通過控制加熱功率來實現(xiàn)烘箱的溫控?。?.. 有聽說過一種通過控制加熱功率的百分比輸出來控制烘箱溫度的方法！請問是使用壽命儀表或者元件來實現(xiàn)的！?。。∏蟾呤謳兔?！ 或者有沒有其他方法通過控制加熱功率來實現(xiàn)烘箱的溫控?。。。。?！請告訴幫忙！ 展開
2016-02-15 21:10:22
426
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- 請各位大蝦幫忙翻譯一下：
- Withmorethan6millionnewmeasurementchannelssoldlastyear，NationalInstrumentsisaworldwideleaderinvirtualinstrumentation.Engineershaveusedvirtualinstrumentationformorethan25y... With more than 6 million new measurement channels sold last year， National Instruments is a worldwide leader in virtual instrumentation. Engineers have used virtual instrumentation for more than 25 years to bring the power of flexible software and PC technology to test， control， and design applications making accurate analog and digital measurements from DC to 2.7 GHz. This document provides an excellent introduction to virtual instrumentation as well as additional resources for continued research. What is virtual instrumentation? With virtual instrumentation， software based on user requirements defines general-purpose measurement and control hardware functionality. Virtual instrumentation combines mainstream commercial technologies， such as the PC， with flexible software and a wide variety of measurement and control hardware， so engineers and scientists can create user-defined systems that meet their exact application needs. With virtual instrumentation， engineers and scientists reduce development time， design higher quality products， and lower their design costs. 展開
2007-05-22 09:38:51
477
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- 請專家?guī)兔Ψg一下，謝謝！
- 粒度檢測方法與優(yōu)缺點比較 粉末粒度分布的測量方法經(jīng)過百余年的發(fā)展，據(jù)統(tǒng)計至少已經(jīng)發(fā)展了上百種，但隨著科技的發(fā)展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改進和發(fā)展（如激光散射法、動態(tài)光散射等）， 并在生產(chǎn)、科研中得到了廣泛的應用，現(xiàn)在普遍使用的測量... 粒度檢測方法與優(yōu)缺點比較 粉末粒度分布的測量方法經(jīng)過百余年的發(fā)展，據(jù)統(tǒng)計至少已經(jīng)發(fā)展了上百種，但隨著科技的發(fā)展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改進和發(fā)展（如激光散射法、動態(tài)光散射等）， 并在生產(chǎn)、科研中得到了廣泛的應用，現(xiàn)在普遍使用的測量方法有篩分法、顯微圖像法、光透沉降法、激光散射（衍射）法等幾種，下面簡單介紹幾種常用的粒度測量方法。 ▲ 篩分法 是一種具有很長歷史的粒度測定方法，篩分法粒度測量是利用一組篩孔大小不同的標準篩將粉末進行篩分，然后對每個篩上樣品分別進行稱重，進而得到以質量為量綱的粒度分布數(shù)據(jù)，并可由分布結果計算出如Dv50等其它參數(shù)。篩分滶要特點是測量成本低廉，操作簡單，但存在著如重復性差，測量時間較長，不能對5um以下的顆粒進行測量等缺點。 ▲顯微圖像分析法 利用光學或電子顯微鏡及計算機圖像識別技術對顆粒粒度及粒度分布，顆粒形貌進行測量，分析的方法。這種方法不僅能夠測量粒度分布而且能夠直接觀察到顆粒的形狀，是目前唯yi的一種可目視的直觀測試方法，這種特點也是其它粒度測量儀器所不具備。這種方法的優(yōu)點是直觀、簡便、費用低，缺點是由于取樣量很少，為使測量結果代表性，必須增加待測顆粒的個數(shù)（一般認為測量顆粒的個數(shù)應在1000個以上），這就相應嗇了測量時間，及測試人員的工作強度，但由于能夠對顆粒形貌（如長徑比等）進行測量，目前也有廣泛應用。 ▲光透沉降法 沉降法粒度測試的理論基礎是斯托克司定律和比爾定律。前者給出顆粒沉降速度與粒徑的關系，后者闡明光透過率與粒徑重量的關系。可簡單的描述為：在沉降液中，有若干相同比重的顆粒，如果同一時刻，從同一位置開始下降，則不同直徑的顆粒到達測量區(qū)的時間是不同的，根據(jù)顆粒到達測量區(qū)的時間，及光強的強弱，就可以計算出顆粒的粒徑，及相應粒徑的顆粒在顆粒群中占有的比例。采用此種原理的測量儀器有比較長的使用歷史，但隨著科技的發(fā)展和測量手段的進步，此方法的缺點也日益突出，如測量時間長，重復性誤差大等。 ▲ 激光散射法 顆粒測量儀器是以富朗和菲衍射（Fraunhofer diffraction）和米氏散射（Mie scattering）為理論基礎。此理論可以簡單理解為沿直線傳播的平行激光束，在傳播過程中遇到顆粒的遮擋后，傳播方向發(fā)生了改變（即發(fā)生了衍射和散射現(xiàn)象），并且大顆粒使激光改變的角度小，小顆粒改變大。（實際上是由于顆粒的遮擋在無限遠處形成了一個愛里斑，愛里斑87%的能量集中在ZX亮環(huán)，且顆粒直徑越大，ZX環(huán)越小，顆粒直徑越小ZX亮環(huán)越大）。如果能在不同角度上接收光能， 對于相應的的角度，其光能是對應直徑的顆粒集合發(fā)生衍射（散射）造成的，相應其他角度上光能的強弱也就反應了對應直徑顆粒在整個顆粒集合中占有的比例。 ▲ 采用激光粒度測量儀器相對于光透沉降粒度測量儀器具有很多優(yōu)點： 1. 原理先進，并且由于測試過程中沒有需要預先設定的參數(shù)（如樣品比重、介質黏度、環(huán)境溫度等），及在測量過程中隨時改變的條件， 因此測量結果準確、可靠。 2. 測量速度快，測試時間與樣品粒度分布無關，典型測試過程一般小于一分鐘； 3. 每次測試，多次對樣品進行掃描，測試結果重復性好； 4. 進樣方式種類多，可適用于各種類樣品。 展開
2016-03-07 05:37:01
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- 請高手幫我翻譯一下這一段。。。
- Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展開
2010-01-13 13:35:43
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- 英語高手幫忙翻譯段英文 謝謝！！
- In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more ef?cient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signi?cant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation ef?ciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puri?cation of azo dyes ef?uents an issue of major technological importance. 展開
2011-05-06 19:00:45
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- 跪求高手猛人幫忙翻譯！?。。〖?
- 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析 梨是全世界一個重要的，分布廣泛的果樹。栽培面積大，歷史悠久。梨也是配子體自交不親和的代表植物之一。S基因是影響植物自交不親和的關鍵基因，現(xiàn)在世界上共發(fā)現(xiàn)了？個S等位基因，對植物自交不親和機理的研究起著非常重要的... 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析 梨是全世界一個重要的，分布廣泛的果樹。栽培面積大，歷史悠久。梨也是配子體自交不親和的代表植物之一。S基因是影響植物自交不親和的關鍵基因，現(xiàn)在世界上共發(fā)現(xiàn)了？個S等位基因，對植物自交不親和機理的研究起著非常重要的作用。 本實驗從？梨雌蕊中提取總RNA，然后運用RT-PCR，RACE等技術來獲取S15基因的cDNA全長，并用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳，核酸蛋白儀，套式PCE，質?？寺?，目的基因測序以及生物信息學軟件來檢測，分析提取RNA的質量。實驗結果得到了高質量的RNA以及S15基因cDNA全長。 展開
2007-05-30 15:31:02
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- 英文高手幫忙翻譯一下 壓力容器方面
- 公司接到一個壓力容器圖紙是英文版的想知道其中的一些意思，原文如下：一TECHNICALDATA:1.MAXIMUMALLOWABLEPRESSURE7.0BAR2.WORKINGPRESSURE5.5+/-1.0BAR3.TESTPRESSURE10.0BAR4.MAXI... 公司接到一個壓力容器圖紙 是英文版的 想知道其中的一些意思，原文如下： 一 TECHNICAL DATA: 1.MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE 7.0BAR 2.WORKING PRESSURE 5.5+/-1.0BAR 3.TEST PRESSURE 10.0BAR 4.MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 70℃ 5.MINIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 0℃ 6.FLUID PREFILL（ISO VG46-HLP） 7.CORROSION ALLOWABLE 2mm 8.VOLUME 38.00L 二 TECHNICAL ACCEPTANCE: 1.CHINA DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 2.CONFORITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE REPORTS 3.BILL OF MATERIALS 4.INSPECTION DOCUMENTS AND CERTIFICATES FOR USED MATERIALS 5.WELDING MAP 6.LIST OF WELDERS AND THEIR QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATES 7.NDE EXAMINATION REPORTS 8.VT AND MEASUREMENT REPORTS 9.PAINT: EXTERNAL:BLUE RAL 5015 SEMI-GLOSS FINISH INTERNAL:USE SUNCORITE 528 BY HENKEL METAL CHEMICALS TO TREAT INTERNAL SURFACE OF TANK 10.PAINT REPORT 11.TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION AND OPERAING MANUAL 三 NOTES: 1.ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETER UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.GASKET CONTACK SURFACE OF ALL FLANGES SHALL BE FINISHED WITH 125-250 AARH. 3.INTERNAL WELD SURFACE OF INSTRUMENT NOZZLE TO BE FULLY FLUSHED. 4.PAINT INSIADE AND OUT PER OILGEAR STANDAR SOP-U-002. 5.TATAL WEIGHT OF UNIT ASSEMBLY IS 32，900LB[14，900kg]. 6.DIMENSIONS IN MM. 展開
2010-07-15 11:42:12
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