Interactions of water and aqueous solutions with mineral surfaces play an important role in a variety of environmental processes. These processes include soil formation, cyc領(lǐng) of chemical elements in nature, mobility of heavy metals and other contaminants as well as nutrients, and surface growth of microorganisms (Brown et al., 1999). Such interactions are affected by solution pH, the presence of dissolved ions, and the surface structure of the solid. The objective of this project is to use available experimental techniques and theoretical approaches to develop a comprehensive microscopic picture of how water and solutes interact with mineral surfaces. 表面和頻光譜分析系統(tǒng)(SFG)