Abstract Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. The actions of AGEs are mediated both through a non-receptor mediated pathway and through specific receptors for AGEs (e.g. RAGE). To explore a potentially specific role for RAGE in renal changes in type 1 diabetes,we examined the renal effects of a neutralising murine RAGE-antibody (ab) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. One group of STZdiabetic mice was treated for two months with the RAGE-ab, while another STZ-diabetic group was treatedfor the same period with an irrelevant immunoglobulin G (IgG). Two groups of non-diabetic NMRI mice were treated with either RAGE-ab or isotype-matched IgG for two months. Placebo-treated STZ-diabetic mice showed an increase in kidney weight, glomerular volume, basement membrane thickness (BMT), urinary albumin