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靜態(tài)檢測和分析 Static Calibration and Analysis HDL-
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2012-06-19 00:00 274閱讀次數(shù)
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靜態(tài)檢測和分析 Static Calibration and Analysis HDL-
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靜態(tài)檢測和分析 Static Calibration and Analysis HDL-
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2012-06-19 00:00
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蛋白質(zhì)印跡分析(Western Blot Analysis)
蛋白質(zhì)印跡分析(WesternBlotAnalysis)【實驗?zāi)康摹苛私獾鞍踪|(zhì)印跡法的基本原理及其操作和應(yīng)用?!緦嶒炘怼康鞍踪|(zhì)印跡法又稱為免疫印跡法,這是一種可以檢測固定在固相載體上蛋白質(zhì)的免疫化學(xué)技術(shù)方法。待測蛋白既可以是粗提物也可以經(jīng)過一定的分離和純化,另外這項技術(shù)的應(yīng)用需要利用待測蛋白的單克隆或多克隆抗體進(jìn)行識別。如圖所示,可溶性抗原,也就是待測蛋白首先要根據(jù)其性質(zhì),如分子量,分子大小,電荷以及其等電點(diǎn)等采用不同的電泳方法進(jìn)行分離;通過電流將凝膠中的蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上;利用抗體(一抗)與抗原發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合的原理,以抗體作為探針釣取目的蛋白。值得注意的是在加入一抗前應(yīng)首先加入非特異性蛋白,如牛血清白蛋白對膜進(jìn)行“封阻”而防止抗體與膜的非特異性結(jié)合。經(jīng)電泳分離后的蛋白往往需再利用電泳方法將蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移到固相載體上,我們把這個過程稱為電泳印跡。常用的兩種電轉(zhuǎn)移方法分別為:1.半干法:凝膠和固相載體被夾在用緩沖溶液浸濕的濾紙之間,通電時間為10分鐘~30分鐘。2.濕法:凝膠和固相載體夾心浸放在轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液中,轉(zhuǎn)移時間可從45分鐘延長到過夜進(jìn)行。由于濕法的使用彈性更大并且沒有明顯浪費(fèi)更多的時間和原料,因此我們在這里只描述濕法的基本操作過程。對于目的蛋白的識別需要采用能夠識別一抗的第二抗體。該抗體往往是購買的成品,已經(jīng)被結(jié)合或標(biāo)記了特定的試劑,如辣根過氧化物酶。這種標(biāo)記是利用辣根過氧化物酶所催化的一個比色反應(yīng),該反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物有特定的顏色且固定在固相載體上,容易鑒別。因此可通過對二抗的識別而識別一抗,進(jìn)而判斷出目標(biāo)蛋白所在的位置。其他的識別系統(tǒng)包括堿性磷酸酶系統(tǒng)和125I標(biāo)記系統(tǒng)?!緦嶒灢僮鳌竣?蛋白質(zhì)的分離根據(jù)目的蛋白的性質(zhì),利用電泳方法將其進(jìn)行分離。為提高電轉(zhuǎn)移的效率,通常采用SDS/PAGE技術(shù)。分離實驗結(jié)束后,首先將樣品墻的上邊緣用小刀去除,然后在膠板的右上角切一個小口以便定位,小心放入轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液中待用。⒉.電轉(zhuǎn)移⑴準(zhǔn)備PVDF膜根據(jù)膠的大小剪出一片PVDF膜,膜的大小應(yīng)略微小于膠的大小。將膜置于甲醇中浸泡1分鐘,再移至轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液中待用。夾心放置順序⑵制作膠膜夾心在一淺盤中打開轉(zhuǎn)移盒,將一個預(yù)先用轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液浸泡過的海綿墊放在轉(zhuǎn)移盒的黑色篩孔板上,在海綿墊的上方放置經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液浸濕的3MM紙,小心地將膠板放在3MM紙上,并注意排除氣泡。將PVDF膜放在膠的上方同時注意排除氣泡,再在膜的上方放上一張同樣用轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液浸濕過的3MM紙并趕出氣泡,放置另一張浸泡過的海綿墊,關(guān)閉轉(zhuǎn)移盒。將轉(zhuǎn)移盒按照正確的方向放入轉(zhuǎn)移槽中,轉(zhuǎn)移盒的黑色篩孔板貼近轉(zhuǎn)移槽的黑色端,轉(zhuǎn)移盒的白色篩孔板貼近轉(zhuǎn)移槽的白色端,填滿轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液同時防止出現(xiàn)氣泡。⑶電轉(zhuǎn)移連接電源,在4°C條件下維持恒壓100v,1小時⒊.免疫檢測⑴膜染色斷開電源,將轉(zhuǎn)移盒從轉(zhuǎn)移槽中移出,將轉(zhuǎn)移盒的各個部分分開。用鑷子將PVDF膜小心放入一個干凈的容器中,用TBS緩沖溶液進(jìn)行短暫清洗,從膜上剪下一條寬約5mm的膜放入另一個干凈的容器中。將這條膜在染色液中浸泡1分鐘,然后在脫色液中脫色30分鐘,確定蛋白質(zhì)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到PVDF膜上。⑵膜的封閉和清洗對于沒有進(jìn)行染色的膜,首先倒出TBS緩沖溶液,加入3%封閉緩沖溶液,輕輕搖動至少1小時。倒掉3%封閉緩沖溶液,并用TBS緩沖溶液清洗3次,每次5分鐘。⑶一抗倒掉TBS緩沖溶液,加入10ml0.5%封閉緩沖溶液及適量的一抗,輕輕搖動1小時以上。從容器中倒出一抗及封閉緩沖溶液,用TTBS緩沖溶液清洗兩次,每次10分鐘。⑷二抗倒出TTBS緩沖溶液,加入5ml0.5%封閉緩沖溶液及適量的二抗。輕輕搖動30分鐘,倒出二抗及封閉緩沖溶液,用TTBS緩沖溶液清洗兩次,每次10分鐘。⑸檢測倒掉TTBS緩沖溶液,并加入顯影劑,輕輕搖動PVDF膜,觀察顯影情況,當(dāng)能夠清晰的看到顯色帶時,用蒸餾水在30分鐘內(nèi)分三次清洗PVDF膜以終止顯色反應(yīng)的繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。【實驗結(jié)果】檢查膜上顯色結(jié)果,藍(lán)紫色帶所對應(yīng)的即是目標(biāo)蛋白的位置。WesternBlotAnalysis【Purpose】ComprehendthetheoryofWesternblotting;understanditsbasicmanipulationandapplication.【Principle】WesternblottingisalsocalledImmunoblotting.Itisakindofimmunochemicaltechniqueswhichisusedtodetectaproteinimmobilizedonamatrix.Thetargetproteincanbeinacrudeextractoramorepurifiedpreparationandthemonoclonalorpolyclonalantibodyagainstthisproteinisnecessarytohelpustorecognizetheantigen.AsintheFigure,solubleantigens(thetargetprotein)maybeseparatedbyelectrophoresisbasedonitsmolecularweight(SDS/PAGE),sizeandcharge(nondenaturatinggelelectrophoresisorisoelectricpoint(isoelectricfocusing).Aftertheseparation,theproteinsaretransferredfromthegeltoaPVDFmembrane.Onceonthemembraneantibodies(firstantibodies)canbeusedtoprobeforthepresenceofparticularproteinbecauseofthespecificallybindingofantigenwithagainstit.Non-specificbindingsitecanbe“blocked”usingothernon-specificproteinsuchasbovineserumalbuminbeforeaddingfirstantibodytoavoidnon-specificbinding.Proteintransferismostcommonlyaccomplishedbyelectrophoresis,Thisprocedureiscalledelectrophoreticblotting.Thetwocommonelectrophoreticmethodsare:⒈Semi-dryblotting,inwhichthegelandimmobilizingmatrixaresandwichedbetweenbuffer-wettedfilterpapersthroughwhichacurrentisappliedfor10-30minutes.⒉Wet(tank)blotting,inwhichthegel-matrixsandwichissubmergedintransferbufferforelectrophoresis,whichmaytakeaslittleas45minutesormaybeallowedtocontinueovernightWeonlydescribewetblottinghere,sinceitpermitsgreaterflexibilitywithoutbeingsignificantlymoreexpensiveintimeormaterials.Thedetectionoftargetproteinisusingasecondantibody,whichcanrecognizethefirstantibody.Typically,thesecondantibodyispurchasedalreadyconjugatedtoalabe領(lǐng)agentsuchastheenzymehorseradishperoxidase.Thismarkeristhenvisualizedbyacolorimetricreactioncatalyzedbytheenzymewhichyieldsacoloredproductthatremainsfixedtothemembrane.Thus,itispossibletorecognizefirstantibodythroughrecognizingsecondantibody,andthenidentifythepositionoftargetprotein.Otherdetectionsystemsincludealkalinephosphataseand125Ilabels.【Materials】⒈Apparatus:ApparatusofSDS-PAGE,ElectroblottingApparatus,Powersupply,PVDFmembrane(MilliporeImmobion-P#IPVH00010),Whatman3MMpaper,AdditionalTools:Forceps,spongepad,scissor,gloves,smallplasticorglasscontainer,Shallowtray.⒉Reagents:⑴10xtransferbuffer(1L):30.3gTrizmabase(0.25M),144gGlycine(1.92M),pH首ldbe8.3;withoutadjustment.⑵1xtransferbuffer(2L):400mlMethanol,200ml10xtransferbuffer,1400mlwater.⑶TBSbuffer:Add1.22gTris(10mM)and8.78gNaCl(150mM)to1LdistilledwaterandadjustpHto7.5withHCl.⑷TTBSbuffer:1LTBSbufferadd0.5mlTween20(0.05%).⑸Firstantibody:antibodyagainstthetargetprotein.⑹Secondantibody:goatanti-rabbit-HRP(horseradishperoxidase).⑺3%Blockingbuffer(0.5L):Add15mgBovineserumalbumininTBSbuffertofinalvolume0.5L,keepat4°Ctopreventbacterialcontamination.⑻0.5%Blockingbuffer(0.5L):Add2.5mgBovineserumalbumininTBSbuffertofinalvolume0.5L,keepat4°Ctopreventbacterialcontamination.⑼Developingreagent:1mlchlonoaphtholsolution(30mg/mlinmethanol),add10mlmethanol,addTBSbufferto50mlandadd30ul30%H2O2.⑽Stainingbuffer:Add1gamidoblack18B(0.1%),250mlisopropanol(25%)and100mlaceticacid(10%)todistilledwaterwithfinalvolume1L.⑾Destainingbuffer:Add350mlisopropanol(35%)and2mlaceticacid(2%)todistilledwaterwithfinalvolume1L.【Procedure】⒈.SeparationofProteinRunanelectrophoreticseparationofknownantigenicproteins.Themethodofseparationdecidedbythecharactersoftargetprotein,butforsufficientlytransferring,themostcommonmethodisSDS-PAGE.Afterseparation,removeuppersideofsamplewellswitharazorblade.Notchingbottomright-handcornerofgelfororientationandputgelintransferbufferuntilreadytouse.⒉.Electrotransfer⑴PreparationofmembraneCutapieceofPVDFmembrane(MilliporeImmobion-P#IPVH00010)accordingtothesizeofgel.Incubateinmethanolforabout1minonarockeratroomtemp.Removemethanolandequilibratemembranein1xtransferbufferuntilreadytouse.⑵Arrangegel-membranesandwichInashallowtray,openthetransfercassette.Putawell-soakedspongepadontheblackpieceofthetransfercassetteandawetted3MMpaperonthespongepad.Placethegelonthepaperandarrangewellsothatallairbubblesareremoved.LaythePVDFmembraneonthetopofgelandremoveanyairbubbles.Placeawettedsheetof3MMpaperoverthePVDFmembraneandremovethebubble.Coveredwiththesecondwell-soakedpad.Closethesandwichwiththewhitepieceofthecassette.Mountthesandwichinthetransfertank;puttheblacksidesneartheblacksideofthedevice.Fillthebuffertankwiththetransferbuffer.⑶Electrotransfer:Attachtheelectrodes.Setthepowersupplyto100V(constantvoltage)for1hat4°C.⒊.Immunodetection⑴MembranestainingDisconnecttransferapparatus,removetransfercassette,andpeel3MMpaperfrommembrane.Removethemembranetoasmallcontainer.Add10mlTBSbufferandwashforshorttime.Cutoutonestripewith5mmwidthandputinanothercleancontainer.Stainthisstripeinstainingbufferfor1min.Destainfor30minindestainingbuffertocheckwhetherproteinhasbeentransferredfromgeltomembraneornot.⑵MembraneblockingandwashingForotherpartofmembrane,pouroffTBSbuffer.Add3%blockingbuffer,rockgentlyforatleast1h.Pouroff3%blockingbufferandrinsebrieflywithTBSbufferthreetimes,5minutesforpertime.⑶FirstantibodyPouroffTBSbuffer.Addfirstantibodyatappropriatedilutionin10ml0.5%blockingbuffer.Rockgentlyforatleast1h;pourofffirstantibodysolutionfrommembraneandwashtwicefor10minuteswithTTBSbuffer.⑷SecondantibodyPouroffTTBSbuffer.Addsecondantibodyatappropriatedilutionin5ml0.5%blockingbuffer.Rockgentlyfor30min,pouroffsecondantibodysolutionfrommembraneandwashtwicefor10minuteswithTTBSbuffer.⑸DetectionPouroffTTBSbufferfrommembraneandadddevelopingreagent,RockPVDFgently,monitoringdevelopment.Whenthebandscanbeseenclearly,stopdevelopmentbywashingmembranewithdistilledwaterfor30minuteswith3changes.【Result】Checkthebandsonmembrane,thebandwithblue-purplecolorcorrespondingtothetargetprotein.實驗材料】1.實驗器材SDS/PAGE實驗相關(guān)材料;電轉(zhuǎn)移裝置;供電設(shè)備;PVDF膜(MilliporeImmobion-P#IPVH00010);Whatman3MM紙;其他工具:鑷子、海綿墊、剪子、手套、小塑料或玻璃容器、淺盤。Detection2.實驗試劑⑴10x轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液(1L):30.3gTrizmabase(0.25M),144g甘氨酸(1.92M),加蒸餾水至1L,此時pH約為8.3,不必調(diào)整。⑵1x轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液(2L):在1.4L蒸餾水中加入400ml甲醇及200ml10x轉(zhuǎn)移緩沖溶液。⑶TBS緩沖溶液:將1.22gTris(10mM)和8.78gNaCl(150mM)加入到1L蒸餾水中,用HCl調(diào)節(jié)pH至7.5。⑷TTBSbuffer:在1LTBS緩沖溶液中加入0.5mlTween20(0.05%)。⑸一抗:兔抗待測蛋白抗體(多克隆抗體)。(6)二抗:辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記羊抗兔。⑺3%封阻緩沖溶液(0.5L):牛血清白蛋白15mg加入TBS緩沖溶液并定容至0.5L,過濾,在4°C保存以防止細(xì)菌污染。⑻0.5%封阻緩沖溶液(0.5L):牛血清白蛋白2.5mg加入TTBS緩沖溶液并定容至0.5L,過濾,在4°C保存以防止細(xì)菌污染。⑼顯影試劑:1ml氯萘溶液(30mg/ml甲醇配置),加入10ml甲醇,加入TBS緩沖溶液至50ml,加入30ul30%H2O2。⑽染色液:1g氨基黑18B(0.1%),250ml異丙醇(25%)及100ml乙酸(10%)用蒸餾水定容至1L。⑾脫色液:將350ml異丙醇(35%)和20ml乙酸(2%)用蒸餾水定容至1L。[詳細(xì)]
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靜態(tài)應(yīng)變測試分析系統(tǒng)型號;HAD-TST3822概述 HAD-TST3822靜態(tài)應(yīng)變測試分析系統(tǒng)適用于學(xué)生實驗以及小型工程,可單臺手動控制,也可通過USB與計算機(jī)連接控制,單臺計算機(jī)可控制64臺;有10測點(diǎn)、20測點(diǎn)、(10+1)測點(diǎn)三種采集箱可供用戶選擇,各測點(diǎn)可分別組橋,方式為全橋、半橋、1/4橋(設(shè)公共補(bǔ)償端子),各測點(diǎn)參數(shù)單獨(dú)設(shè)定,能同時測量應(yīng)變、位移、壓力、力等物理量;高清大面積數(shù)碼管直接顯示測量結(jié)果,人性化的按鍵操作,用戶可以很方便的查看各測點(diǎn)的測量情況。技術(shù)指標(biāo)1.儀器接口:USB2.02.單臺采集箱測點(diǎn)數(shù):10、20、10+13.單臺計算機(jī)可控制Zda測點(diǎn)數(shù):640、1280、7044.Z高采樣頻率:1Hz5.A/D分辨率:16位6.顯示方式:計算機(jī)顯示/LED7.控制方式:計算機(jī)/手動8.擴(kuò)展方式:串行9.Zda采集箱間距離:100m10.Z高分辨率:1με11.測量應(yīng)變范圍:±19999με12.自動平衡范圍:±15000με(R=120Ω,K=2.0時應(yīng)變計阻值的±1.5%)13.應(yīng)變計電阻值范圍:50~10000Ω任意設(shè)定14.應(yīng)變計靈敏度系數(shù):1.0~3.0自動修正15.長導(dǎo)線電阻修正范圍:0.0~100Ω16.系統(tǒng)不確定度:不大于0.5%±3με17.漂移(程控狀態(tài)):±3με/4小時(零漂);±1με/℃(溫漂)18.供橋電壓:DC2V±0.1%19.電源:AC220V(±10%)50Hz(±2%)20.功率:約15W21.電磁兼容試驗符合A類指標(biāo)22.使用環(huán)境:適用于GB6587.1-86-Ⅱ組條件23.外形尺寸:340mm(長)×239mm(寬)×100mm(高)(10測點(diǎn)) 340mm(長)×311mm(寬)×100mm(高)(20、10+1測點(diǎn))24.儀器自重:10測點(diǎn)約4kg,20測點(diǎn)約5kg,10+1測點(diǎn)約4.5kg[詳細(xì)]
2018-09-24 10:01
產(chǎn)品樣冊
程序升溫進(jìn)樣裝置在靜態(tài)和動態(tài)頂空進(jìn)樣模式下分析揮發(fā)性
程序升溫進(jìn)樣裝置在靜態(tài)和動態(tài)頂空進(jìn)樣模式下分析揮發(fā)性[詳細(xì)]
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