求助：幫忙幫忙，機(jī)械英語(yǔ)NB的幫忙翻譯下

小姑娘的心生活 2018-11-27 12:36:26 465 瀏覽

The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte′risation des Mate′riaux， Univ... The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte′risation des Mate′riaux， Universite′ Djilali Liabe`s de Sidi Bel-Abbes， BP 89， 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbe`s， Algeria bCentre de Calcul et de Mode′lisation de Lens， University D’Artois， Faculte′ Jean Perrin， SP 18 Rue Jean Souvraz， 62307 Lens cedex， France Received 9 February 2004; accepted 19 March 2004 Abstract Helium gas and air are commonly used in the high pressure scanning electron microscope (HPSEM). The presence of a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber modifies the electron beam profile. In order to fully understand the beam-gas interaction， we have investigated the beam-diameter effect for two gases (helium and air) by Monte Carlo simulation. In this calculation， we have assumed that the electron beam is Gaussian and we have explored the influence of the nature of the gas at low voltage. When the beam diameter varies between 1 and 100 nm， there is no influence on the beam profile for these two gases. The resolving power of the HPSEM is not affected by the beamgas interaction. These theoretical results have been compared with experimental images obtained at low voltage under air and helium gases. The variation of image quality at low voltage has confirmed the interest of helium for use in a Field Emission Gun SEM (FEGSEM) in high pressure (or low vacuum) conditions. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: High pressure scanning electron microscope; Monte Carlo; Electron scattering; Electron profile; Skirting 展開(kāi)

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求助：幫忙幫忙，機(jī)械英語(yǔ)NB的幫忙翻譯下: The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte′risation des Mate′riaux， Univ... The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte′risation des Mate′riaux， Universite′ Djilali Liabe`s de Sidi Bel-Abbes， BP 89， 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbe`s， Algeria bCentre de Calcul et de Mode′lisation de Lens， University D’Artois， Faculte′ Jean Perrin， SP 18 Rue Jean Souvraz， 62307 Lens cedex， France Received 9 February 2004; accepted 19 March 2004 Abstract Helium gas and air are commonly used in the high pressure scanning electron microscope (HPSEM). The presence of a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber modifies the electron beam profile. In order to fully understand the beam-gas interaction， we have investigated the beam-diameter effect for two gases (helium and air) by Monte Carlo simulation. In this calculation， we have assumed that the electron beam is Gaussian and we have explored the influence of the nature of the gas at low voltage. When the beam diameter varies between 1 and 100 nm， there is no influence on the beam profile for these two gases. The resolving power of the HPSEM is not affected by the beamgas interaction. These theoretical results have been compared with experimental images obtained at low voltage under air and helium gases. The variation of image quality at low voltage has confirmed the interest of helium for use in a Field Emission Gun SEM (FEGSEM) in high pressure (or low vacuum) conditions. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: High pressure scanning electron microscope; Monte Carlo; Electron scattering; Electron profile; Skirting 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯一段英語(yǔ): Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxy... Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2，4-D). To regenerate plants from the culture， callus tissue was transferred to the same medium devoid of 2，4-D (embryogenic medium). All experiments were performed with cultures grown in liquid medium. For convenience， cultures grown in 2，4-D-containing medium are referred to as "callus cultures"， and those grown in medium without 2，4-D as "embryo cultures." The growth of callus cultures was measured by the sidearmturbidity method (7). The number of cells at any time point of growth was estimated from turbidity in a Klett-Summerson calorimeter and was expressed in arbitrary units. For example， Klett 100 corresponds to ="2 X 106 cells per ml. The relationship is linear up to Klett 150 in our Klett-Summerson colorimeter. Suspension cultures ofWOOLC cell line are normally maintained at cell densities between 106 and 107 cells per ml in 0.1 mg of 2，4-D per liter (high-density culture) in shake flasks. During a quantitative study on embryogenesis， we found that maximal embryo production can be achieved by first incubating the culture at high density in medium without 2，4-D for one generation time and then diluting it to 2-3 x 104 cells per ml (low-density culture). To compare cultures of comparable density， callus cultures and embryo cultures were subjected to the same procedure. To initiate low-density embryo or callus cultures， an 8-day-old high-density culture grown at the logarithmic phase was washed three times with fresh callus or embryogenic medium and resuspended at 8 x 105 cells per ml for one generation (3 days) in its corresponding medium. It was then diluted to 2 x 104 cells per ml; 20 ml of the culture was incubated in a plastic Petri dish (9 cm in diameter) at 240C. The morphogenetic events of the cultures were examined and photographed under a dissecting microscope. 請(qǐng)不要用google的那個(gè)，我看不懂~~ 展開(kāi)

英語(yǔ)高手幫忙翻譯一下: ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯: AttachingtheSampleChuckYouwillneeda#2Phillipsscrewdriverforthisstep.FollowingthedetailsshowninFig.2-4，installthesamplechuckbyfirstaligningthepinsonthebottomofthesamplechu... Attaching the Sample Chuck You will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver for this step. Following the details shown in Fig. 2-4， install the sample chuck by first aligning the pins on the bottom of the sample chuck with the receptacles on the alpha- SE base. Then tighten the upper two captive thumb screws. Next， use the Phillips screwdriver to tighten the lower two captive screws. Don’t over tighten the screws! It will make it difficult to remove them in the future; just ensure that the screws are snug. Finally， connect the vacuum line from the sample chuck to the vacuum fitting on the alpha-SE base. Releasing the Z-stage Shipping Lock To access the Z-stage shipping lock， first loosen the captive screw on the lamp/shipping lock access door， then open the access door by rotating 180°， as shown in Fig. 2-5. To release the Z-stage shipping lock， stand in front of the ellipsometer and use your left hand to balance the weight of the Z-stage (you will feel it lift up slightly). It will be difficult to release the shipping lock if you apply too much or not enough upward force. Next， use your right hand to move the shipping lock to the operating position (to the right， see Fig. 2-6). If the lock is hard to move， you can use a tool to gain more leverage. The shipping lock will move about 1/3” [8mm] to the right. Checking the Lamp Check that the QTH lamp in fully seated in the lamp housing. The lamp is located behind the actuator screw (see Fig. 2-6) and has two white wires protruding from the back of the lamp. Simply push down on the lamp ensuring that the lamp is fully seated in the lamp housing. Rotate the lamp/shipping lock access door to the closed position and hand tighten the captive screw. 拒絕翻譯軟件，翻譯軟件我自己也會(huì)用不是用翻譯軟件我就看不懂，只是，上來(lái)找人翻譯就是希望翻譯出比較容易看懂，不需要自己對(duì)照就可以看的說(shuō)明書(shū)，如果用翻譯軟件，根本就詞不達(dá)意，還是要自己對(duì)著原文件核實(shí) 既然用了那么多積分，就希望有相當(dāng)?shù)某晒?，如果用翻譯軟件混積分，那就是人品問(wèn)題了還有，某些人不要不懂亂說(shuō)混積分展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯下專(zhuān)業(yè)日語(yǔ)！: 急用，謝謝！

求專(zhuān)業(yè)的英語(yǔ)達(dá)人幫忙翻譯下萬(wàn)分感謝: Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding ... Caution:Do not place your finger over the vent(it pressurizes the sensor) to test the flow indicator when gas is flowing to the sensor.removing your finger (the restriction) generates a vacuum on the sensor and maydamage the sensor(voiding the sensor warraty). Positive pressure applications: If the sample pressure is greater than 30 psign an external pressure regulator(optional) is required upsteram of the analyzer to control of sample flow.a pressure regulator with a metallic diaphragm is recommended to prevent high oxygen reading that cuold result from the use of diaphragms constructed of more gas permeable materisls. If other optionoal sample system components such as coiled metal tubing(samples must be colled to at least 35-40℃ for continuous use)，coalescing filters ，scrubbers，etc.are required install the pressure rugulator after the coiled tubing and bofore the other components and the analyzer.a scrubber requires a flow valve upstream for optimum efficiency and response time and that the analyzer flow valve is opened completely. Atmospheric or slightly negative pressure applications: For accurate high ppb and/or low ppm range measurements，an optional simple pump is required downstream of the analyzer to draw the sample through the analyzer.The cacuum drawn on the analyzer and sensor should not exceed 4”of water. Caution:Use ofpump downstream of the sensor requires the floe control valve upstream of the sensor be completely opened to avoid drawing ercessive vacuum in the sensor，which can damage the sensor. If pump over-loading(due to the limitation of low flow rate of the sample gas)is a comsideration，a second throttle valve on the pump’s inlet side may be necessary to provide a bypass path，as illustrated below，to prevent the pump from over-loading and over-heating while miantaining the required sample flow rate within the above-mentioned parameters 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯下化工的英語(yǔ)。。用在線詞典翻譯部正確: A reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPIPC) method for the separation of a complex mixture of heparin-derived oligosacchrides has been developed by a stepwise optimization of the mobile phase， in which the... A reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPIPC) method for the separation of a complex mixture of heparin-derived oligosacchrides has been developed by a stepwise optimization of the mobile phase， in which the concentration of ion-pairing reagent， mobile phase pH， and acetonitrile concentration were varied. The resolution of more than 30 oligosaccharide components was obtained， under optimized conditions， in an analysis time of less than 30 min. This represents the first RP-HPLC method that can separate a complex mixture of both small and large sulfated oligosaccharides in a single chromatographic step. The heparin-derived oligosaccharides， in this mixture， can also be separated under a second set of RP-HPIPC conditions using a volatile ion-pairing reagent， tributylammonium acetate， to aid in the recovery of individual sulfated oligosaccharides. Moreover， it was possible to replace sodium chloride gradient， required for eluting highly sulfated oligosaccharides， with a fixed， low concentration of a volatile salt， ammonium acetate， by utilizing an acetonitrile gradient. This solvent system might make it possible to directly interface this RP-HPIPC separation with mass spectral analysis. ??2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ion-pairing reagents; Gradient elution; Oligosaccharides 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯下十萬(wàn)火急!!!! 萬(wàn)分感謝！!!!!!!!!!: thequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.markingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，finechemicaltechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4serie... the quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . marking comprehensive use of biotechnology，fine chemical technology，the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4 series organic acids and chiral products. these products are widely used in many field such as food， pharmaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the domestic and overseas market. the main products are L-Malic acid ，DL- Malic acid，L(+)-lartaric acid， fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. the company has become aninportant manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world. all the products of the company have respectively met the different international advanced standards such as food chemicals codex U.S. pharmacopoeia ， british pharmacopoeia ，and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher Certificate. Above 70% of the company 's products are exported to Japan，Europe，Australia，the United States and Middle East， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. the company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. it will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates，chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. depending on superior quality ， good service and high reputation ， the company is willing to establish a long -term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue to contribute to the happy life of humans. 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯一句話(huà): Catalysts were prepared by pore volume impregnation of ?-alumina

幫忙翻譯2: 3.6. Advantages of chromia as promoter in copper-based Catalysts It should also be noted from Figs. 5 and 6 that in the steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications， trace quantities (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on Cu... 3.6. Advantages of chromia as promoter in copper-based Catalysts It should also be noted from Figs. 5 and 6 that in the steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications， trace quantities (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on Cu not only doubled the activity for the MSR but also halved the amount of CO formed， thereby enhancing H2 production. This improved selectivity reduces the problem of H2 separation from the reaction products in fuel cell applications. An important finding in this research is the role that very small amounts of Cr2O3 play in all the reactions investigated， namely， methanol synthesis， water gas shift and methanol steam reforming. In commercial co-precipitatedcopper-based methanol synthesis catalysts， copper is known to be the active component [3]. More recently， it has becomeestablished that ZnO promotes methanol synthesis and that surface species formed by Cu-ZnO interaction are responsible for methanol synthesis [42]. The role of Cr2O3 in commercial catalysts is thought to be similar to that of Al2O3， which is to act as stabilizer of the structure of the copper catalyst， thereby reducing sintering. In this study， as in a previous one [18] using a different technique todeposit chromia on the surface of skeletal copper， we have shown that Cr2O3 has a significant role in copper-based methanol synthesis from CO2. That role is to improve the methanol yield by reducing the RWGS reaction (Fig. 3) aswas observed in the earlier study [18]. A major finding of this study has been the very strong evidence the Cr2O3 has a synergistic effect on the activity of copper for methanol synthesis， methanol steam reforming and the water gas shift reactions. From Figs. 4 and 5 it can be seen that 0.85 wt.% Cr2O3 enhances the specific activity (mol/hm2 Cu) of skeletal copper 270% for the WGS and 150% for methanol steam reforming. In the case of methanol synthesis (Fig. 2) 0.61 wt.% Cr2O3 increases the specific activity of copper by 67%. The results for the WGS and MS reactions are similar to those obtained under the same reaction conditions using skeletal copper promoted by Cr2O3 which was deposited from sodium chromate in the caustic leach liquor [28]. In that study， the effect of chromia was more pronounced， with an increase in activity of 950% for theWGSand 168% for the MSR reaction， respectively， using skeletal copper containing 0.75 wt.% Cr2O3. For methanol synthesis over Cr2O3 promoted skeletal copperprepared using sodium chromate in the leach liquor， Ma et al. [18] observed no increase in the specific activity of copper. 展開(kāi)

英語(yǔ)高手幫忙翻譯段英文謝謝！！: In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more ef?cient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signi?cant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation ef?ciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puri?cation of azo dyes ef?uents an issue of major technological importance. 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯一哈文章（翻譯成英語(yǔ)）: 摘要本文采用環(huán)氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、對(duì)氨基苯磺酸等物質(zhì)合成了一種新的活性染料耐氯水牢度提升劑，并對(duì)經(jīng)多種類(lèi)型活性染料染色的織物進(jìn)行固色處理，再進(jìn)行氯漂處理。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)織物K/S值、Z大吸收波長(zhǎng)λmax、摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度的分析，確定提升劑處理的Z佳工... 摘要本文采用環(huán)氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、對(duì)氨基苯磺酸等物質(zhì)合成了一種新的活性染料耐氯水牢度提升劑，并對(duì)經(jīng)多種類(lèi)型活性染料染色的織物進(jìn)行固色處理，再進(jìn)行氯漂處理。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)織物K/S值、Z大吸收波長(zhǎng)λmax、摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度的分析，確定提升劑處理的Z佳工藝。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:織物的K/S值有很大的提高，織物的耐氯牢度大致可提升2～3級(jí)，并且不會(huì)改變織物色光。但是提升劑對(duì)色織物的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度影響不是很大。關(guān)鍵詞：活性染料；耐氯色牢度；提升劑；染色工藝展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯成英語(yǔ): 1.掌握量熱裝置的基本組合及電熱補(bǔ)償法測(cè)定熱效應(yīng)的基本原理2.用電熱補(bǔ)償法測(cè)定KNO3或KCL在不同濃度水溶液中的積分溶解熱3.用作圖法求KNO3或KCL在水中的微分沖淡，積分沖淡熱和微分溶... 1.掌握量熱裝置的基本組合及電熱補(bǔ)償法測(cè)定熱效應(yīng)的基本原理 2.用電熱補(bǔ)償法測(cè)定KNO3或KCL在不同濃度水溶液中的積分溶解熱 3.用作圖法求KNO3或KCL在水中的微分沖淡，積分沖淡熱和微分溶解熱還有：1。測(cè)定蔗糖轉(zhuǎn)化的反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)和半衰期 2.掌握旋光儀的使用方法不要用翻譯網(wǎng)站翻啊······麻煩各位了展開(kāi)

麻煩英文好的幫忙翻譯下~~~~: 虛擬儀器技術(shù)與NI的優(yōu)勢(shì)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)展望摘要：本文介紹了虛擬儀器的概念及發(fā)展。從虛擬儀器的組成，NI的優(yōu)勢(shì)及21世紀(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的展望進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。... 虛擬儀器技術(shù)與NI的優(yōu)勢(shì)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)展望摘要：本文介紹了虛擬儀器的概念及發(fā)展。從虛擬儀器的組成，NI的優(yōu)勢(shì)及21世紀(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的展望進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。展開(kāi)

有英語(yǔ)高手或者會(huì)labview的高手幫忙翻譯下: LabVIEW就是基于虛擬儀器的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境，本文闡述了基于虛擬儀器技術(shù)在阻抗參數(shù)測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用，根據(jù)電子測(cè)量的基本原理、計(jì)算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有語(yǔ)言—G語(yǔ)言—對(duì)被測(cè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行... LabVIEW就是基于虛擬儀器的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境，本文闡述了基于虛擬儀器技術(shù)在阻抗參數(shù)測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用，根據(jù)電子測(cè)量的基本原理、計(jì)算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有語(yǔ)言—G語(yǔ)言—對(duì)被測(cè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行程序編譯、運(yùn)行、修改并Z終顯示運(yùn)行結(jié)果有高手幫忙翻譯下展開(kāi)

麻煩哪位英語(yǔ)牛人幫忙翻譯下~~藥學(xué)的翻譯成英語(yǔ) 謝謝了: 目的制備足浴液并對(duì)其進(jìn)行質(zhì)量考察。方法采用正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)選苦參中苦參堿和紫草中紫草素的提取工藝，通過(guò)紫外分光光度法對(duì)苦參堿與紫草素的含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定，并將苦參堿、紫草素、水楊酸、苯甲酸和硼酸按一定比例進(jìn)行溶解實(shí)驗(yàn)?；瘜W(xué)成分分析采用薄層色譜法及試管... 目的制備足浴液并對(duì)其進(jìn)行質(zhì)量考察。方法采用正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)選苦參中苦參堿和紫草中紫草素的提取工藝，通過(guò)紫外分光光度法對(duì)苦參堿與紫草素的含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定，并將苦參堿、紫草素、水楊酸、苯甲酸和硼酸按一定比例進(jìn)行溶解實(shí)驗(yàn)?；瘜W(xué)成分分析采用薄層色譜法及試管實(shí)驗(yàn)法對(duì)苦參中苦參堿與紫草中紫草素進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分檢測(cè)。結(jié)果通過(guò)薄層色譜法和試管實(shí)驗(yàn)法得出苦參堿為生物堿、紫草素為蒽醌。通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn)和紫外分光光度法選出Z優(yōu)提取方案。通過(guò)溶解實(shí)驗(yàn)使中化學(xué)藥物形成混懸液，Z后得到足浴液樣品。結(jié)論通過(guò)T濃度實(shí)驗(yàn)，溶解實(shí)驗(yàn)選用95%乙醇為溶媒。通過(guò)L9(33)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)確定Z佳提取工藝，即提取時(shí)間為30min，溫度為60℃，乙醇濃度為60%，以苦參堿作對(duì)照品，用分光光度法測(cè)定其苦參堿得率3.07%。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)摸索，得到超聲提取紫草工藝的Z佳條件，即乙醇濃度為70%，超聲功率為400w，料液比為1：40時(shí)提取率較高。足浴液制備方法簡(jiǎn)便，有利于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)，降低能源、節(jié)約時(shí)間，有較大的開(kāi)發(fā)利用價(jià)值和廣泛的市場(chǎng)前景。關(guān)鍵字：紫草；苦參；正交設(shè)計(jì)；薄層色譜展開(kāi)

請(qǐng)教英語(yǔ)高人，幫忙翻譯一下．急用，謝謝?。?！: Theelementalcontentofrawmaterials，phosphogypsum，substrate(potassiumsalt)，products(superphosphateand“Amofoska”)，soil，andgrasswasdeterminedusingconventionalandepithermaln... The elemental content of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate (potassium salt)， products (superphosphate and “Amofoska”)， soil， and grass was determined using conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the IBR-2 pulsed fast reactor at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP)， Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)， Dubna， Russia. The analytical procedure was described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. Quality control was based on the application of certified reference materials (CRMs): IAEA-336 (lichens)， IAEA-SDM (lake sediment) and IAEA-SL1 (soil). The certified values and the results obtained by NAA were compared (Table 2). Concentrations of most elements were in good agreement with the CRMs except for Ti， Ni， Ce， Eu， Dy and Rb， which differed from the certified value as follows: Ti - 41.7 %， Ni - 26.5 %， Ce - 24.3 %， Eu - 32.9 % and Dy - 33.3 % in IAEA-SL1 (soil) and Rb - 20.6 % in IAEA-336 (lichens). For the 21 elements in agreement with the certified values the bias observed was below 20 %. For 11 elements (Al， V， Mn， As， Br， Sc， Cr， Sm， Na， Co and Sb)， the bias ranged from 0.03 % to 5 %， for 5 elements (Fe， Zn， Ba， Th and Cs) the bias was greater than 5 % but lower than 10 %， and for 5 elements (La， Tb， Hf， Ta and U) the bias was determined to be between 10 % and 20 %. Samples of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate， products， soil (of about 0.1 g)， and grass (0.3 g) were irradiated in cadmium-screened channels 1 and 2 of the pneumatic “Regata” system described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. In order to determine elements associated with long-lived radionuclides， samples were irradiated for 100 hours. Spectra of induced gamma activity were recorded after 4 and 20-24 days of cooling. Short irradiations， 5 minutes for grass samples and 60 seconds for the remaining samples， allowed determination of Al， Ca， Cl， I， K， Na， Mg， Mn， Ti and V. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded after 5 and 12 minutes after irradiation. Data processing was performed using software developed at FLNP JINR [16， 17]. All gamma-spectrometers and counting electronics were made at JINR [16]. The software developed at FLNP JINR for peak searching， peak fitting， and nuclide identification routines were used for processing the amplitude spectra [16]. In the case of the lack of analytical data， there was a half of the detection limit inserted for each analyte [18]. Principal component analysis (classical PCA and fuzzy PCA) was performed as a tool for searching the possible correlations between environmental and industrial samples that could implicate the impact of phosphatic fertilizer production on the environment adjacent to the plant. 請(qǐng)給一個(gè)比較能看懂的翻譯，謝謝. 展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯一下化工方面的單詞英語(yǔ): 堿值測(cè)定器試劑移液管錐形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黃溴甲酚綠混合指示劑鹽酸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液摩爾/升酸式滴定管... 堿值測(cè)定器試劑移液管錐形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黃溴甲酚綠混合指示劑鹽酸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液摩爾/升酸式滴定管展開(kāi)

幫忙翻譯一下，謝謝: IFRS13willhelpincreasetransparencywhenentitiesusemodelstomeasurefairvalue，particularlywhenusersneedmoreinformationaboutmeasurementuncertainty，suchaswhenthemarketforanasse... IFRS 13 will help increase transparency when entities use models to measure fair value， particularly when users need more information about measurement uncertainty， such as when the market for an asset or a liability has become less active. IFRS 13 requires entities to disclose information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value， as well as information about the uncertainty inherent in fair value measurements (which was of particular concern during the global fi nancial crisis). Some of those disclosures， including the fair value hierarchy， were already introduced in March 2009 through an amendment to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. Those disclosures have been relocated to IFRS 13. The requirements in IFRS 13 also incorporate the guidance in a FASB Staff Position (FSP) issued in April 2009. 展開(kāi)

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