請(qǐng)幫我翻譯一段專業(yè)英語吧。。急用。。多謝。。。

流氓兔的broth 2009-05-20 03:06:41 494 瀏覽

Practical applications of colossal magnetoresistive(CMR) oxides are limited by the large magnetic fields and/or low temperature required to observe a significant change in electric resistivity[1-5]. In recent years，research on tunneling mag... Practical applications of colossal magnetoresistive(CMR) oxides are limited by the large magnetic fields and/or low temperature required to observe a significant change in electric resistivity[1-5]. In recent years，research on tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) is a very active field because of its scientific interest and potential technological applications[6].Polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6 perovskite is a candidate for magnetic sensors owing to its high ferromagnetic transition temperature …（Tc~420K）and the half-metallic electronic band structure predicted theoretically [7]. The conduction electrons in this compound are expected to be highly spin-polarized even at room temperature. More recently， perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 with nanometer grain size showed large magnetoresistance(~20%) at a low magnetic field of 4k Oe and at room temperature[8].Dai et al.[9]observed two different ordered structures in polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6 perovskite: the double perovskite and the superstructure with tripled c-axis(ST).In this paper， another new layered structure of body-centered tetragonal phase (BT) is reported for the polycrystalline magnetoresistive Sr2FeMoO6 sample. Ceramic samples of Sr2FeMoO6 were prepared by standard solid state reaction. Stoichiometric materials of SrCO3，F(xiàn)e2O3 and MoO3 were mechanically mixed， and then calcined at 950℃ for 4h in air.The calcined mixture was then ball-milled and made into pellets followed by sintering at 1250℃for 4h in carbon monoxide atmosphere.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) specimens were prepared by mechanical polishing，dimpling and ion milling.Electron diffraction patterns were taken at 120kV using a Phillips CM12 electron microscope， and high resolution TEM imaging was conducted using JEOL 2010 microscope. Energy dispersion of X-rays(EDX) was conducted by TEM attached with EDAX PV9100. 展開

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lingankj 2009-05-21 00:00:00

龐大的實(shí)際應(yīng)用磁(地質(zhì)錄井)氧化物受制于大磁場(chǎng)和/或低溫應(yīng)遵守的顯著改變電阻度(1 - 5)。近年來，研究對(duì)隧道磁電阻效應(yīng)(然而)是一個(gè)非?；钴S的領(lǐng)域，因?yàn)樗目茖W(xué)興趣和潛在的技術(shù)應(yīng)用[6]. 多晶硅Sr2FeMoO6候選人鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)是由于其高磁場(chǎng)傳感器磁性的轉(zhuǎn)變溫度…(Tc - 420K)和half-metallic電子能帶結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)理論[7]。在這種化合物的傳導(dǎo)電子預(yù)計(jì)將自旋偏極化高，即使在室溫。Z近，鈣和納米顆粒Sr2FeMoO6顯示大的磁阻(~ 20%)在低磁場(chǎng)的部分，在室溫下4k[8]. 傣族繆群。[9]觀察兩種不同的有序結(jié)構(gòu)在晶Sr2FeMoO6鈦鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu):雙層和上層建筑與c-axis翻了三倍(ST)，本文對(duì)另一個(gè)新的分層結(jié)構(gòu)，以身體為ZX四方相(BT)報(bào)道，磁Sr2FeMoO6樣品聚晶。 Sr2FeMoO6陶瓷樣品制備了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的固態(tài)反應(yīng)。SrCO3材料，F(xiàn)e2O3計(jì)量和MoO3是機(jī)械的混合，然后在950℃，煅燒空氣4h…當(dāng)時(shí)ball-milled煅燒混合制成顆粒緊隨其后，在1250℃燒結(jié)氣氛的一氧化碳4h…透射電鏡(TEM)標(biāo)本制備機(jī)械磨光，壓痕和離子銑削電子衍射模式是在120kV用十字形CM12電子顯微鏡、高分辨率透射電鏡進(jìn)行JEOL利用成像2010顯微鏡。能量色散x射線(EDX)是由TEM和PV9100 EDAX。

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請(qǐng)幫我翻譯一段專業(yè)英語吧。。急用。。多謝。。。: Practical applications of colossal magnetoresistive(CMR) oxides are limited by the large magnetic fields and/or low temperature required to observe a significant change in electric resistivity[1-5]. In recent years，research on tunneling mag... Practical applications of colossal magnetoresistive(CMR) oxides are limited by the large magnetic fields and/or low temperature required to observe a significant change in electric resistivity[1-5]. In recent years，research on tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) is a very active field because of its scientific interest and potential technological applications[6].Polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6 perovskite is a candidate for magnetic sensors owing to its high ferromagnetic transition temperature …（Tc~420K）and the half-metallic electronic band structure predicted theoretically [7]. The conduction electrons in this compound are expected to be highly spin-polarized even at room temperature. More recently， perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 with nanometer grain size showed large magnetoresistance(~20%) at a low magnetic field of 4k Oe and at room temperature[8].Dai et al.[9]observed two different ordered structures in polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6 perovskite: the double perovskite and the superstructure with tripled c-axis(ST).In this paper， another new layered structure of body-centered tetragonal phase (BT) is reported for the polycrystalline magnetoresistive Sr2FeMoO6 sample. Ceramic samples of Sr2FeMoO6 were prepared by standard solid state reaction. Stoichiometric materials of SrCO3，F(xiàn)e2O3 and MoO3 were mechanically mixed， and then calcined at 950℃ for 4h in air.The calcined mixture was then ball-milled and made into pellets followed by sintering at 1250℃for 4h in carbon monoxide atmosphere.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) specimens were prepared by mechanical polishing，dimpling and ion milling.Electron diffraction patterns were taken at 120kV using a Phillips CM12 electron microscope， and high resolution TEM imaging was conducted using JEOL 2010 microscope. Energy dispersion of X-rays(EDX) was conducted by TEM attached with EDAX PV9100. 展開

急求幫我翻譯一段電力專業(yè)英語文章啊??！: What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-che... What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-chemicalprocess that is inherent to the battery. Applying a voltage differential on thepositive and negative plates charges the supercapacitor. This concept issimilar to an electrical charge that builds up when walking on a carpet. Thesupercapacitor concept has been around for a number of years. Newer designsallow higher capacities in a smaller size. Whereas a regular capacitor consists ofconductive foils and a dry separator， the supercapacitor crosses into batterytechnology by using special electrodes and some electrolyte. There are threetypes of electrode materials suitable for the supercapacitor. They are: highsurface area activated carbons， metal oxide and conducting polymers. The highsurface electrode material， also called Double Layer Capacitor (DLC)， is leastcostly to manufacture and is the most common. It stores the energy in thedouble layer formed near the carbon electrode surface. 展開

幫我翻譯一段關(guān)于做蛋糕的英文，謝謝，急用?。。。。?！高價(jià)懸賞~: heat oven as directed below (metal or glass pan).(or use cooking spray)bottom of pan.stin brownie mix water oil and eggs in medium bowl until well blended.spread in pan. bake as directed below or until toothpick inserted 2inches from of ... heat oven as directed below (metal or glass pan).(or use cooking spray)bottom of pan.stin brownie mix water oil and eggs in medium bowl until well blended.spread in pan. bake as directed below or until toothpick inserted 2inches from of pan comes out almost clean;cool.store tightly covered. 展開

麻煩幫我翻譯以下文章(生物專業(yè)英語): The most common means of agitation of liquid media is by placing the culture vessels on a drum(for test tubes)or a disk(for flasks)slowly rotating around a near horizontal axis. This assures good aeration of the liquid cultures with little... The most common means of agitation of liquid media is by placing the culture vessels on a drum(for test tubes)or a disk(for flasks)slowly rotating around a near horizontal axis. This assures good aeration of the liquid cultures with little mechanical damage to the cells.Agitation can also be achieved by placing culture flasks on reciprocating or gyrotory platform shakers.Gyrotoy (horizontal rotary orbit)shakers are preferred over reciprocating (horizontal linear motion)ones for a variety of reasons .The performance of the gyrotory shaker is determined by the speed of agitation and angle position of the flasks，with optimal aeration occurring in flasks tilted about 45° from the vertical.A new shaker design is the "tapping" motion shaker in which the culture is agitated by a magnetic bar moving up and down.This vertical movement of the bar is less injurious to cells than rotary movement of the bar at the bottom of the flask used in some conventional culture systems. 展開

翻譯翻譯，請(qǐng)高手幫我翻譯一下這個(gè)說明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展開

化工專業(yè)英語求翻譯: Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such poly... Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such polymeric spheres can encapsulate large quantities of guest moleculesD especially those spheres with functionalities within the empty coreDand release them at a later stage in a controlled man- ner. Although hollow polymeric spheres with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer regions are readily con- structedDby layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes onto a template core，[3±6] polymerizing monomers in lipid vesi- cles，[7，8] emulsion polymerization，[9，10] pH-induced micelliza- tion of a grafted copolymer，[11] and by the assembly of posi- tively charged polyelectrolytes and negatively charged nanoparticles[12]Dthe synthesis of hollow spheres 100 nm or less in size has only recently become the subject of research activity. Several different routes， such as the self-assembly of block copolymers in a selective solvent，[13，14] the deposition of polyelectrolytes on a decomplexable or soluble core，[15，16] and microemulsion (as well as miniemulsion) polymerization，[17，18] have been developed to form hollow polymeric nanospheres. Although some of these methods have been quite successful， these strategies require the core templates to be removed in order to create a hollow interior， or need large quantities of surfactants to form nanosized micelles. Furthermore， although the majority of the proposed applications of hollow nano- spheres or nanocapsules are concentrated in the biomedical field， most of the hollow polymeric spheres described to date are ill-suited for such purposes. Therefore， materials (in par- ticular for the surfaces of the hollow nanospheres) that are biocompatible， non-toxic， and sometimes also biodegradable， are highly desirable. Herein， we demonstrate a simple and di- rect method for fabricating hollow polymeric nanospheres with biocompatible and biodegradable macromolecules. In this approach， hollow polymeric nanospheres were formed in a completely aqueous system without the aid of surfactants，展開

【生物專業(yè)英語】摘要翻譯: Abstract:Heavymetals，suchascadmium，copper，lead，chromiumandmercury，areimportantenvironmentalpollutants，particularlyinareaswithhighanthropogenicpressure.Theirpresenceinthea... Abstract: Heavy metals， such as cadmium， copper， lead， chromium and mercury， are important environmental pollutants， particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere， soil and water， even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms， and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely: inhalation and ingestion， ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system， heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil (total or bioavailable concentration) that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include: soil type which includes soil pH， organic matter content， clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition， the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals， thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity. 用翻譯軟件的免回，哥也有，真誠(chéng)求助高手！展開

請(qǐng)高手幫我翻譯一下這一段。。。: Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展開

請(qǐng)翻譯一段簡(jiǎn)單的英語（務(wù)必準(zhǔn)確）: 用翻儀器的走遠(yuǎn)！Thetissueishomogenizedwithchloroform/methanol(2/1)toafinalvolume20timesthevolumeofthetissuesample(1gin20mlofsolventmixture).Afterdispersion，thewholemixtur... 用翻儀器的走遠(yuǎn)！ The tissue is homogenized with chloroform/methanol (2/1) to a final volume 20 times the volume of the tissue sample (1 g in 20 ml of solvent mixture). After dispersion， the whole mixture is agitated during 15-20 min in an orbital shaker at room temperature. The homogenate is either filtrated (funnel with a folded filter paper) or centrifuged to recover the liquid phase. The solvent is washed with 0.2 volume (4 ml for 20 ml) of water or better 0.9% NaCl solution. After vortexing some seconds， the mixture is centrifuged at low speed (2000 rpm) to separate the two phases. Remove the upper phase by siphoning and kept it to analyze gangliosides or small organic polar molecules. If necessary (need of removing labelled molecules...)， rinse the interface one or two times with methanol/water (1/1) without mixing the whole preparation. After centrifugation and siphoning of the upper phase， the lower chloroform phase containing lipids is evaporated under vacuum in a rotary evaporator or under a nitrogen stream if the volume is under 2-3 ml. 展開

急求翻譯請(qǐng)幫忙翻譯一下這篇英文資料，急用?。。?！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展開

幫忙翻譯一段英語: Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxy... Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2，4-D). To regenerate plants from the culture， callus tissue was transferred to the same medium devoid of 2，4-D (embryogenic medium). All experiments were performed with cultures grown in liquid medium. For convenience， cultures grown in 2，4-D-containing medium are referred to as "callus cultures"， and those grown in medium without 2，4-D as "embryo cultures." The growth of callus cultures was measured by the sidearmturbidity method (7). The number of cells at any time point of growth was estimated from turbidity in a Klett-Summerson calorimeter and was expressed in arbitrary units. For example， Klett 100 corresponds to ="2 X 106 cells per ml. The relationship is linear up to Klett 150 in our Klett-Summerson colorimeter. Suspension cultures ofWOOLC cell line are normally maintained at cell densities between 106 and 107 cells per ml in 0.1 mg of 2，4-D per liter (high-density culture) in shake flasks. During a quantitative study on embryogenesis， we found that maximal embryo production can be achieved by first incubating the culture at high density in medium without 2，4-D for one generation time and then diluting it to 2-3 x 104 cells per ml (low-density culture). To compare cultures of comparable density， callus cultures and embryo cultures were subjected to the same procedure. To initiate low-density embryo or callus cultures， an 8-day-old high-density culture grown at the logarithmic phase was washed three times with fresh callus or embryogenic medium and resuspended at 8 x 105 cells per ml for one generation (3 days) in its corresponding medium. It was then diluted to 2 x 104 cells per ml; 20 ml of the culture was incubated in a plastic Petri dish (9 cm in diameter) at 240C. The morphogenetic events of the cultures were examined and photographed under a dissecting microscope. 請(qǐng)不要用google的那個(gè)，我看不懂~~ 展開

誰可以幫我翻譯下這段話成英語，急用，求英語高手: 本文簡(jiǎn)述了國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)大氣生物氣溶膠的研究現(xiàn)狀及其展望。主要圍繞生物氣溶膠的研究意義，生物氣溶膠的研究歷史，生物氣溶膠的種類及來源，生物氣溶膠的濃度及粒徑分布特征，生物氣溶膠采樣技術(shù)與檢測(cè)，以及對(duì)生物氣溶膠未來發(fā)展的展望等六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了闡述。... 本文簡(jiǎn)述了國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)大氣生物氣溶膠的研究現(xiàn)狀及其展望。主要圍繞生物氣溶膠的研究意義，生物氣溶膠的研究歷史，生物氣溶膠的種類及來源，生物氣溶膠的濃度及粒徑分布特征，生物氣溶膠采樣技術(shù)與檢測(cè)，以及對(duì)生物氣溶膠未來發(fā)展的展望等六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了闡述。ZD介紹生物氣溶膠的分布特征。展開

環(huán)境英語文獻(xiàn)翻譯急用: Thereisagrowinginterestindeterminingmercury(Hg)levelsinthemarineenvironmentaswellasinfishforhumanconsumption.Methylmercury(MeHg)inparticularisthemosttoxicandbioaccumulati... There is a growing interest in determining mercury(Hg) levels in the marine environment as well as in fish for human consumption. Methyl mercury(Me Hg)in particular is the most toxic and bioaccumulative form of mercury in food webs and it is the predominant chemical form making up 80%-90% of the total mercury present in fish muscle tissue.Hence，fish and other organisms at the end of the food chain constitute the major source of MeHg in the human . As outcome of this risk，MeHg has been classically monitored in fish， and methodologies for mercury speciaion have increased significantly since the early 1990s. Currently， microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has provided an efficient alternative strategy to conventional techniques for solvent extraction of a large amount of organometals compounds.The analytical techniques most frequently applied for Hg speciation analysis involve GC(GasChromatography) ， GC-CICP-MS(Gas Chromatography -CInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) supercritical fluids chromatography (SFC)，ion chromatograph(IC)， HPLC-CCVAAS(High Performance Liqui Chromatography-Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) or ICP-MS systems .Several authors recommended a back-extraction of mercury species from organic solvents to cysteine or sodium thiosulphate aqueous solutions .Because MeHg is the most common organomercury compound in biological materials ，here we offer a new simple and cost-effective method to determine MeHg. Basically， this method combines the microwave assisted extraction followed by clean-up with cysteine acetate solution and MeHg quantification by a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). 展開

請(qǐng)英語高手幫我翻譯下面鹽霧測(cè)試報(bào)告里面部分內(nèi)容: 1 外觀評(píng)級(jí)，試樣表面外觀的變化. 2 腐蝕率評(píng)定等級(jí)的判定等級(jí)的判定腐蝕率. 3 無變化. 4 輕微到中度的變色. 5 嚴(yán)重變色到極微的失光. 6 輕微的失光或出現(xiàn)極輕微的腐蝕產(chǎn)物. 7 嚴(yán)重失光或在試樣局部表面上部有薄層的腐蝕產(chǎn)物或點(diǎn)蝕. 8 有腐蝕物或點(diǎn)蝕且... 1 外觀評(píng)級(jí)，試樣表面外觀的變化. 2 腐蝕率評(píng)定等級(jí)的判定等級(jí)的判定腐蝕率. 3 無變化. 4 輕微到中度的變色. 5 嚴(yán)重變色到極微的失光. 6 輕微的失光或出現(xiàn)極輕微的腐蝕產(chǎn)物. 7 嚴(yán)重失光或在試樣局部表面上部有薄層的腐蝕產(chǎn)物或點(diǎn)蝕. 8 有腐蝕物或點(diǎn)蝕且其中之一集中分布在整個(gè)試樣表面上. 9 整個(gè)表面上布有厚的腐蝕產(chǎn)物，并有深的點(diǎn)蝕. 10 整個(gè)表面布有非常厚的腐蝕物和點(diǎn)蝕，并有深的點(diǎn)蝕. 11 出現(xiàn)基體金屬腐蝕. 展開

翻譯一段納米材料的摘要(1): Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostruc... Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostructured surfaces. The study includes two parts; in the first part， bulk transparent polymer-inorganic nanocomposites were produced by a novel synthesis method and its UV-absorption has been investigated. In the second part， nanostructured microporous surface layers， of copper， were fabricated by electrodeposition process and its effect on material’s performance for pool boiling has been investigated evaluated.In the first part of the thesis， bulk polymer-inorganic nanocomposites composed of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc compounds were prepared by an in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of zinc complex in PMMA matrix. The immiscibility of heterophases of solid organic and inorganic constituents was resolved by the in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of ZnO nanofillers within PMMA in the presence of dual functional agent， monoethanolamine， which provided strong secondary interfacial interactions for both complexing and crosslinking of constituents. Comprehensive characterization of the polymer-inorganic hybrid materials has been undertaken using a wide range of techniques; XRD， 1H NMR， FT-IR， TGA， DSC， UV-Vis， ED， SEM， TEM and HRTEM. The homogeneous PMMA-ZnO nanocomposites exhibited enhanced UV-sheltering effects in the entire UV range even at very low ZnO content of 0.02 wt%. 展開

誰幫我翻譯一下: LabVIEWTM(LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench)isapowerfulinstrumentationandanalysisprogramminglanguageforPCsrunningMicrosoftWindows，SunSPARCstations，AppleMaci... LabVIEWTM (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a powerful instrumentation and analysis programming language for PCs running Microsoft Windows， Sun SPARCstations， Apple Macintosh computers， Concurrent PowerMax， and HP-UX workstations. LabVIEW departs from the sequential nature of traditional programming languages and features a graphical programming environment and all the tools needed for data acquisition， analysis， and presentation. With this graphical programming language， called “G，” you can program in a block diagram notation， the natural design notation of scientists and engineers. After you create a block diagram program， LabVIEW compiles it into machine code. LabVIEW integrates data acquisition， analysis， and presentation in one system. For acquiring data and controlling instruments， LabVIEW supports RS-232/422， IEEE 488 (GPIB)， and VXI， including Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) functions， as well as plug-in data acquisition (DAQ) boards. An instrument library with drivers for hundreds of instruments simplifies instrument control applications. For analyzing data， the extensive Analysis library contains functions for signal generation， signal processing， filters， windows， statistics， regression， linear algebra， and array arithmetic. Because LabVIEW is graphical in nature， it is inherently a data presentation package. LabVIEW can generate charts， graphs， and customized， user-defined graphics. 盡量翻的好一點(diǎn)，謝謝能不能對(duì)GOOGLE自動(dòng)翻譯過的稍加修改下展開

幫我翻譯一段話，謝謝: AretheurbansoilsofGuangzhoupolluted?Inareviewofheavymetalpollutionofsoilsinchina，chenetal.(1999)suggestedthat“Heavy-metalsoilpolltionisdefinedasthephenomenawheretheheavy... Are the urban soils of Guangzhou polluted? In a review of heavy metal pollution of soils in china，chen et al.(1999) suggested that“Heavy-metal soil polltion is defined as the phenomena where the heavy-metal content in soils exceeds natural background levels and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of environmental quality” Table 6 compares the Guangzhou date with some background date and also some critical and trigger limits derived from the Netherlands and U.K. It can be seen from Table 6 that all top soil heavy metals，with the exception of Ni in the Park，are above the average value for Guangdong province. They also，again with the exception on Ni in the park，exceed the values for samples from Hainan Island，which affords a“clean”baseline data sea for the region. what is also of interest is that if the rations of heavy metal content for roadside sites in Guangzhou are compared to the Hainan data in from of a ratio then ratios of 3.09，1.04，4.16，1.84 and 1.59 are obtained for Cu，Ni，Zi，Pb and Cu respectively. With the exception of the 4.16 for Zn they are not dissimilar to rations of roadside to park top soil reported previously for Guangzhou. This suggests that the roadside to park comparison for soils in Guangzhou may pick up enhancement of heavy metals associated with vehicular traffic. 展開

化學(xué)專業(yè)英語·翻譯·謝\(^o^)/YES！: Fig. 1 illustrates the microstructure and surface morphology of samples which include the bare substrate， the fluorinated with and without CeO2 thin film. Fig. 1a shows the initial surface state of the polished bare substrate. Some fine ste... Fig. 1 illustrates the microstructure and surface morphology of samples which include the bare substrate， the fluorinated with and without CeO2 thin film. Fig. 1a shows the initial surface state of the polished bare substrate. Some fine steaks resulting from the polishing progress are visible in the image. The surface is considerably rough and the activity of surface for magnesium alloy is various from sample to sample and within the same sample due to the presence of different phases [24，25]. In Fig. 1b， the micrograph was taken when the sample was fluorinated in the 20% HF for 20 h. There are a large number of pores and cracks on the surface of this sample; however， we cannot find the presence of remarked grinding scratches originated from the sample preparation on the surface in contrast with the bare substrate. It is well known that the magnesium alloy reacts with HF to form the fluoride coating via displacement reaction and the fluoride is insoluble， thus form a barrier on the surface of magnesium alloy. The pores and cracks distributed uneven also suggest that the activities on the surface of magnesium alloy are not very identical. The SEM image of the fluorinated sample with CeO2 thin film is shown in Fig. 1c. As can be seen from this image， most of the pores and cracks existed on the surface of the fluorinated sample have disappeared which is ascribed to the presence of CeO2 thin film. Moreover， the surface of CeO2 thin film is more uniform and more compact than that of the fluorinated sample， and this may explain why this kind of samples is the best corrosion resistant. XPS analysis is performed aiming at identifying the chemical composition of the film and the typical survey scan spectra are shown in Fig. 2. The main element peaks of Mg， C， O， F and Ce are shown in the spectra. A significant amount of carbon is present on the surface of the sample due to some contaminant that originates from the polishing， cleaning and heat-treatment procedure; moreover， there may be some remnant since the deficiently burning for celloidin during the heat-treatment. There are three peaks in the survey scan spectra as follows: Mg 2p3/2 at about 50 eV， Mg 2s at about 88 eV and Mg Auger peak at about 301 eV. The peak of Mg 2p around 50 eV is shown in Fig. 2 which reveals only one peak at 50.2 eV belonging to Mg 2p being the fingerprint for Mg2+ in the transitional region. Hence， it is most probable that the presence of Mg in the coating is a result of the formation of MgF2 in the course of the fluorinated process and the formation of MgO during the heat-treatment. Both the main components of O 1s peak located at 530.6 eV and the F 1s peak located at 684.7 eV give the evidence that the major states are MgO and MgF2. It is found that almost a pure Ce(IV) state in the spectrum of CeO2 and this is similar to these reported by ?koda et al. [26]. 展開

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