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塑料是怎么做成的 英文

若子語 2010-12-18 05:38:57 471  瀏覽
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  • K神OSYHAM 2010-12-19 00:00:00
    How is the plastic made?

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  • JXDmg90912 2010-12-19 00:00:00
    家庭用的塑料制品一般是用高密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯等原料,采用塑料注射成型工藝制成的。使用的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備是塑料注射成型機(jī),還要有相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的模具。像塑料盆桶產(chǎn)品應(yīng)選用3000克以上的注射機(jī),再加上模具費(fèi)用大概四五十萬元左右,材料費(fèi)每公斤塑料目前大概在8元至10元吧 Household plastic products are generally of high density polyethylene and polypropylene and other raw materials, made of plastic injection molding process. Production equipment used in plastic injection molding, but also have the appropriate product of the mold. Barrels of product should be used as plastic basin of more than 3,000 grams of injection machine, plus the mold will cost about forty to fifty million, the cost of materials per kilogram of plastic present in about 8-10 yuan bar

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  • 片碎 2010-12-28 00:00:00
    中文: 塑料是有那幾種方法做成的 塑料的成型加工是指由合成樹脂制造廠制造的聚合物制成Z終塑料制品的過程。加工方法(通常稱為塑料的一次加工)包括壓塑(模壓成型)、擠塑(擠出成型)、注塑(注射成型)、吹塑(中空成型)、壓延等。 壓塑 壓塑也稱模壓成型或壓制成型,壓塑主要用于酚醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂等熱固性塑料的成型。 擠塑 擠塑又稱擠出成型,是使用擠塑機(jī)(擠出機(jī))將加熱的樹脂連續(xù)通過模具,擠出所需形狀的制品的方法。擠塑有時(shí)也有于熱固性塑料的成型,并可用于泡沫塑料的成型。擠塑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可擠出各種形狀的制品,生產(chǎn)效率高,可自動(dòng)化、連續(xù)化生產(chǎn);缺點(diǎn)是熱固性塑料不能廣泛采用此法加工,制品尺寸容易產(chǎn)生偏差。 注塑 注塑又稱注射成型。注塑是使用注塑機(jī)(或稱注射機(jī))將熱塑性塑料熔體在高壓下注入到模具內(nèi)經(jīng)冷卻、固化獲得產(chǎn)品的方法。注塑也能用于熱固性塑料及泡沫塑料的成型。注塑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)速度快、效率高,操作可自動(dòng)化,能成型形狀復(fù)雜的零件,特別適合大量生產(chǎn)。缺點(diǎn)是設(shè)備及模具成本高,注塑機(jī)清理較困難等。 吹塑 吹塑又稱中空吹塑或中空成型。吹塑是借助壓縮空氣的壓力使閉合在模具中的熱的樹脂型坯吹脹為空心制品的一種方法,吹塑包括吹塑薄膜及吹塑中空制品兩種方法。用吹塑法可生產(chǎn)薄膜制品、各種瓶、桶、壺類容器及兒童玩具等。 壓延 壓延是將樹脂合各種添加劑經(jīng)預(yù)期處理(捏合、過濾等)后通過壓延機(jī)的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)向相反的壓延輥的間隙加工成薄膜或片材,隨后從壓延機(jī)輥筒上剝離下來, 再經(jīng)冷卻定型的一種成型方法。壓延是主要用于聚氯乙稀樹脂的成型方法,能制造薄膜、片材、板材、人造革、地板磚等制品。 塑料的分類、成分及特性 塑料是一種用途廣泛的合成高分子材料,在我們的日常生活中塑料制品比比皆是。從我們起床后使用的洗漱用品、早餐時(shí)用的餐具,到工作學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)用的文具、休息時(shí)用的座墊、床墊,以及電視機(jī)、洗衣機(jī)、計(jì)算機(jī)的外殼,還有夜晚給我們帶來光明的各種造型的燈具…… 塑料以它優(yōu)異的性能逐步地代替了許多已經(jīng)使用了幾十年、幾百年的材料和器皿,成為人們生活中不可缺少的助手。塑料集金屬的堅(jiān)硬性、木材的輕便性、玻璃的透明性、陶瓷的耐腐蝕性,橡膠的彈性和韌性于一身,因此除了日常用品外,塑料更廣泛地應(yīng)用于航空航天、YL器械、石油化工、機(jī)械制造、國(guó)防、建筑等各行各業(yè)。 一、塑料的分類 塑料種類很多,到目前為止世界上投入生產(chǎn)的塑料大約有三百多種。塑料的分類方法較多,常用的有兩種: 1、根據(jù)塑料受熱后的性質(zhì)不同分為熱塑性塑料和熱固性塑料 熱塑性塑料分子結(jié)構(gòu)都是線型結(jié)構(gòu),在受熱時(shí)發(fā)生軟化或熔化,可塑制成一定的形狀,冷卻后又變硬。在受熱到一定程度又重新軟化,冷卻后又變硬,這種過程能夠反復(fù)進(jìn)行多次。如聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯等。熱塑性塑料成型過程比較簡(jiǎn)單,能夠連續(xù)化生產(chǎn),并且具有相當(dāng)高的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度,因此發(fā)展很快。 熱固性塑料的分子結(jié)構(gòu)是體型結(jié)構(gòu),在受熱時(shí)也發(fā)生軟化,可以塑制成一定的形狀,但受熱到一定的程度或加入少量固化劑后,就硬化定型,再加熱也不會(huì)變軟和改變形狀了。熱固性塑料加工成型后,受熱不再軟化,因此不能回收再用,如酚醛塑料、氨基塑料、環(huán)氧樹脂等都屬于此類塑料。熱固性塑料成型工藝過程比較復(fù)雜,所以連續(xù)化生產(chǎn)有一定的困難,但其耐熱性好、不容易變形,而且價(jià)格比較低廉。 2、根據(jù)塑料的用途不同分為通用塑料和工程塑料 通用塑料是指產(chǎn)量大、價(jià)格低、應(yīng)用范圍廣的塑料,主要包括聚烯烴、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、酚醛塑料和氨基塑料五大品種。人們?nèi)粘I钪惺褂玫脑S多制品都是由這些通用塑料制成。 工程塑料是可作為工程結(jié)構(gòu)材料和代替金屬制造機(jī)器零部件等的塑料。例如聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、ABS樹脂、聚四氟乙烯、聚酯、聚砜、聚酰亞胺等。工程塑料具有密度小、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性高、機(jī)械性能良好、電絕緣性優(yōu)越、加工成型容易等特點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、電器、化工、機(jī)械、儀器、儀表等工業(yè),也應(yīng)用于宇宙航行、火箭、等方面。 二、塑料的成分 我們通常所用的塑料并不是一種純物質(zhì),它是由許多材料配制而成的。其中高分子聚合物(或稱合成樹脂)是塑料的主要成分,此外,為了改進(jìn)塑料的性能,還要在聚合物中添加各種輔助材料,如填料、增塑劑、潤(rùn)滑劑、穩(wěn)定劑、著色劑等,才能成為性能良好的塑料。 1、合成樹脂 合成樹脂是塑料的Z主要成分,其在塑料中的含量一般在40%~100%。由于含量大,而且樹脂的性質(zhì)常常決定了塑料的性質(zhì),所以人們常把樹脂看成是塑料的同義詞。例如把聚氯乙烯樹脂與聚氯乙烯塑料、酚醛樹脂與酚醛塑料混為一談。其實(shí)樹脂與塑料是兩個(gè)不同的概念。樹脂是一種未加工的原始聚合物,它不僅用于制造塑料,而且還是涂料、膠粘劑以及合成纖維的原料。而塑料除了極少一部分含100%的樹脂外,絕大多數(shù)的塑料,除了主要組分樹脂外,還需要加入其他物質(zhì)。 2、填料 填料又叫填充劑,它可以提高塑料的強(qiáng)度和耐熱性能,并降低成本。例如酚醛樹脂中加入木粉后可大大降低成本,使酚醛塑料成為Z廉價(jià)的塑料之一,同時(shí)還能顯著提高機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。填料可分為有機(jī)填料和無機(jī)填料兩類,前者如木粉、碎布、紙張和各種織物纖維等,后者如玻璃纖維、硅藻土、石棉、炭黑等。 3、增塑劑 增塑劑可增加塑料的可塑性和柔軟性,降低脆性,使塑料易于加工成型。增塑劑一般是能與樹脂混溶,無毒、無臭,對(duì)光、熱穩(wěn)定的高沸點(diǎn)有機(jī)化合物,Z常用的是鄰苯二甲酸酯類。例如生產(chǎn)聚氯乙烯塑料時(shí),若加入較多的增塑劑便可得到軟質(zhì)聚氯乙烯塑料,若不加或少加增塑劑(用量<10%),則得硬質(zhì)聚氯乙烯塑料。 4、穩(wěn)定劑 為了防止合成樹脂在加工和使用過程中受光和熱的作用分解和破壞,延長(zhǎng)使用壽命,要在塑料中加入穩(wěn)定劑。常用的有硬脂酸鹽、環(huán)氧樹脂等。 5、著色劑 著色劑可使塑料具有各種鮮艷、美觀的顏色。常用有機(jī)染料和無機(jī)顏料作為著色劑。 6、潤(rùn)滑劑 潤(rùn)滑劑的作用是防止塑料在成型時(shí)不粘在金屬模具上,同時(shí)可使塑料的表面光滑美觀。常用的潤(rùn)滑劑有硬脂酸及其鈣鎂鹽等。 除了上述助劑外,塑料中還可加入阻燃劑、發(fā)泡劑、抗靜電劑等,以滿足不同的使用要求。 三、塑料的特性 1、塑料具有可塑性 顧名思義,塑料就是可以塑造的材料。所謂塑料的可塑性就是可以通過加熱的方法使固體的塑料變軟,然后再把變軟了的塑料放在模具中,讓它冷卻后又重新凝固成一定形狀的固體。塑料的這種性質(zhì)也有一定的缺陷,即遇熱時(shí)容易軟化變形,有的塑料甚至用溫度較高的水燙一下就會(huì)變形,所以塑料制品一般不宜接觸開水。 2、塑料具有彈性 有些塑料也像合成纖維一樣,具有一定的彈性。當(dāng)它受到外力拉伸時(shí),卷曲的分子就由柔韌性而被拉直,但一旦拉力取消后,它又會(huì)恢復(fù)原來的卷曲狀態(tài),這樣就使得塑料具有彈性,例如聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯的薄膜制品。但是有些塑料是沒有彈性的。 3、塑料具有較高的強(qiáng)度 塑料雖然沒有金屬那樣堅(jiān)硬,但與玻璃、陶瓷、木材等相比,還是具有比較高的強(qiáng)度及耐磨性。塑料可以制成機(jī)器上堅(jiān)固的齒輪和軸承。 4、塑料具有耐腐蝕性 塑料既不像金屬那樣在潮濕的空氣中會(huì)生銹,也不像木材那樣在潮濕的環(huán)境中會(huì)腐爛或被微生物侵蝕,另外塑料耐酸堿的腐蝕。因此塑料常常被用作化工廠的輸水和輸液管道,建筑物的門窗等。 5、塑料具有絕緣性 塑料的分子鏈?zhǔn)窃右怨矁r(jià)鍵結(jié)合起來的,分子既不能電離,也不能在結(jié)構(gòu)中傳遞電子,所以塑料具有絕緣性。塑料可用來制造電線的包皮、電插座、電器的外殼等。 附:常用塑料的種類有: ①聚氯乙烯(PVC) 它是建筑中用量Z大的一種塑料。硬質(zhì)聚氯乙烯的密度為1.38~1.43g/cm3,機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高,化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好,使用溫度范圍一般在-15~+55℃之間,適宜制造塑料門窗、下水管、線槽等。 ②聚乙烯(PE) 聚乙烯塑料在建筑上主要用于給排水管、衛(wèi)生潔具。 ③聚丙烯(PP) 聚丙烯的密度在所有塑料中是Z小的,約為0.90左右。 聚丙烯常用來生產(chǎn)管材、衛(wèi)生潔具等建筑制品。 ④聚苯乙烯(PS) 聚苯乙烯為無色透明類似玻璃的塑料。 聚苯乙烯在建筑中主要用來生產(chǎn)泡沫隔熱材料、透光材料等制品。 ⑤ABS塑料 ABS塑料是改性聚苯乙烯塑料,以丙烯睛(A)、丁二烯(B)及苯乙烯(S) 為基礎(chǔ)的三組分所組成。ABS塑料可制作壓有花紋圖案的塑料裝飾板等。 英文: Plastic had that several methods to make them Plastic molding process is to point to by synthetic resin factory manufacture polymer made final plastic products process. Processing methods (often called plastic one processing) including compression (moulding), extruded (extrusion molding), plastic injection molding, blow molding () (), calender blow moulding machines etc. compression Also called moulding or compression pressure molding, compression is mainly used for phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, unsaturated polyester resins thermosetting plastic molding. extruded Extruded say again extrusion molding, is to use crowded color-printed (extruder) will be heated resin continued through mold, extrusion shape of the products of the method. Extruded sometimes have to thermosetting plastic molding, and can be used for foam plastic molding. Extruded of advantage can squeeze various shapes of products, the production efficiency is high, can automatic and continuous production. Defect is widely adopted this method cannot thermosetting plastic processing, goods size easily produce deviation. injection Plastic injection molding, say again. Injection is the use of injection molding machine (or weigh injection machine) will thermoplastics melt under high pressure injection mould nei cooling, curing obtain product method. Injection can also be used to thermosets and foamed plastic molding. Injection is the advantage of producing speed, high efficiency, operation can be automation, can molding complex shape of parts, especially suitable for mass production. Defect is equipment and mould cost is high, the machine cleaning more difficult, etc. Blow molding Chuisu say again or hollow blow molding shape. Chuisu is made by the pressure of compressed air in the heat of the closed mold colophony billet blow bulge for a method of hollow products including, blow molding, blow mounding blown film hollow products in two ways. With blow molding method can produce film products, various kinds of bottle, barrel, pot of containers and children's toys, etc. calender Calender is resin close by various additives expected disposal (kneading, filtration, etc.) through the calender of two or more in favor of the opposing calender roll gap processed into thin film or sheet, then from the calender roll cylinder on stripping down, then after finalizes the design of a kind of the shaping method. Calender is mainly used for polyvinyl chloride resin molding method, can make films, sheet, plank, artificial leather, such as floor brick products. Plastic the classification, composition and characteristics Plastic is a versatile synthetic polymer materials, in our daily life plastic products can be found everywhere. We wake up from the use of the things that wash gargle, the breakfast tableware, to work and study with a stationery, when resting in the seat cushion, mattresses, and television sets, washing machines, computer shell, and night gave us light all sorts of modelling of lamps and lanterns... Plastic with its superior performance gradually the place of many have been used for decades, hundreds of years of materials and the vessels, become people ingapore life's assistant. Plastic set metal hard sex, wood, portability, glass, ceramics, the transparency of the corrosion resistance, rubber flexibility and tenacity at a suit, accordingly besides everyday items outside, plastic more widely used in aerospace, medical equipment, petroleum chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, defense, construction and other industries. A, plastic classification Plastic is a lot of more phyletic, so far the world put into production of plastic has about 300 kinds. Plastic classification method is more, commonly used to have two kinds: 1, according to the nature of plastic after heated divided into thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic Thermoplastic molecular structure are linear structure, the heated occurs when soften or melts, can SuZhi into certain shape, after cooling and harden. In heated to a certain degree of again bate, after cooling and harden, the process can be repeated several times. Such as PVC, PE, polystyrene, etc. Thermoplastic moulding process simpler, can continuous production, and with high mechanical strength, so fast development. The molecular structure of thermosetting plastic shape structure is in when heated also happens bate, can SuZhi into certain shape, but heated to a certain extent or add a little curing agent, after hardened to finalize the design, then heat does not become soft change in shape. Thermosetting plastic processing &forming, heated no longer softening and therefore can not be recycled, such as bakelite, amino plastics, epoxy resin belong to this kind of plastic. Thermosetting plastic molding process is more complex, so continuous production has the certain difficulty, but its heat-resistant good, not easy deformation, and the price at lower. 2, according to the different is divided into general use plastic plastics and engineering plastics General plastic refers to large output, low price and wide application range of plastics, mainly including polyolefin, PVC, polystyrene, bakelite and amino plastics five varieties. People's Daily life of many products are used by these common plastic. Engineering plastic can be as a engineering construction materials and replace metal manufacturing machinery parts and other plastic. Such as polyamide, polycarbonate, poly formaldehyde, ABS resin, ptfe, polyester, poly (PSF, polyimide, etc. Engineering plastics possesses the density is small, the chemical stability, high mechanical performance good, electrical insulation is superior, processing &forming easily and other characteristics, widely used in automotive, electrical, chemical, machinery, instrument and meter industry etc, also used in navigating cosmic, rockets and missiles, etc. Second, plastic components We usually use plastic is not a pure substance, it is by the many materials preparation and become. One polymer (or called synthetic resin) is the main component of plastic, in addition, in order to improve plastics performance, but also add various auxiliary in polymer materials, such as packing, plasticizer, lubricants, stabilizer and colorants, etc, can become the good performance of plastics. 1, synthetic resin Synthetic resin is the most main components, plastic in the plastic the content is in commonly 40% ~ . Due to the content, and properties of the resin is often decided by the plastic properties, so people often think of resin as plastic synonyms. For example the polyvinyl chloride resins and PVC plastic, phenolic resin and bakelite confuse STH with STH else. Actually resin with plastic are two different concepts. Resin is a kind of unprocessed raw polymer, it not only used in the manufacture of plastic, and still coating, adhesive and synthetic fiber materials. And plastic

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塑料是怎么做成的 英文
 
2010-12-18 05:38:57 471 3
塑料是什么做成的?
急用... 急用 展開
2007-04-14 06:34:06 389 3
塑料是什么做成的?
 
2017-05-25 03:22:06 371 2
塑料是什么做成的?
 
2018-02-02 10:28:43 510 1
橡膠能做成塑料嗎?方法是?
謝謝... 謝謝 展開
2007-09-05 04:49:41 772 4
油墨是怎么做成的
 
2016-12-02 02:31:56 538 1
壓力傳感器是怎么做成的?
 
2011-03-09 02:14:09 277 2
塑料儲(chǔ)存盒的英文是什么
 
2011-03-05 15:04:53 288 2
常用塑料英文縮寫
常用塑料英文縮寫
2006-09-18 09:32:01 595 2
塑料材料 英文縮寫
 
2011-08-12 12:25:38 392 2
“塑料材料”的英文縮寫是什么?
 
2018-11-25 13:38:12 432 0
酒怎么那么難喝啊!是怎么做成的?
 
2012-08-16 04:14:22 404 4
黑花生那層竹炭是怎么做成的?
 
2013-01-03 10:27:02 650 5
聚氨酯是用什么材料做成的,是瀝青做成的嗎
 
2017-10-12 05:07:17 1077 1
塑料是怎么制作的?
 
2014-06-04 05:40:38 519 3
清洗劑是怎么做成的,能用廢酸生產(chǎn)嗎?
 
2011-04-13 09:56:39 372 1
塑料是怎么煉出來的
 
2007-08-03 00:09:32 612 1
塑料油箱是怎么加工的?
就是哪種帶蓋子,中空的,有點(diǎn)像PP料,白色有點(diǎn)透明的。以前經(jīng)常拿來裝油或者裝酒水的。是怎么加工的?什么公司有定制。需要做水箱。... 就是哪種帶蓋子,中空的,有點(diǎn)像PP料,白色有點(diǎn)透明的。以前經(jīng)常拿來裝油或者裝酒水的。是怎么加工的?什么公司有定制。需要做水箱。 展開
2013-01-10 06:03:34 486 3
塑料帶是怎么做出來的
 
2014-07-06 03:46:45 352 1

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